Unit 7 Content Statements

-- as a vital function in all organisms (2)

Gas exchange

Properties of gas-exchange --

surface

Maintenance of -- at exchange surfaces in animals (2)

concentration gradients

Adaptations of -- lungs for gas exchange

mammalian

-- of the lungs

Ventilation

Measurement of lung --

volume

Adaptations of type I and type II -- in alveoli

pneumocytes

Adaptations of -- muscle cells and -- muscle fibers

cardiac, striated

Internal and external intercostal muscles as an example of -- to facilitate internal body movements (3)

antagonistic muscle action

Adaptations of capillaries for exchange of materials between blood and the -- environment (3)

internal or external

-- of arteries and veins

Structure

Adaptations of arteries for the transport of blood -- from the heart

away

Measurement of pulse --

rates

Adaptations of veins for the -- of blood to the heart

return

Causes and consequences of -- of the coronary arteries

occlusion

Release and reuptake of -- in capillaries (2)

tissue fluid

Exchange of substances between tissue fluid and -- in tissues

cells

Drainage of excess tissue fluid into -- (2)

lymph ducts

Differences between the -- circulation of bony fish and the -- circulation of mammals

single, double

Adaptations of the mammalian heart for delivering -- blood to the arteries

pressurized

Stages in the -- cycle

cardiac