Lesson 17: Installing/Upgrading Operating Sytsems (OSs)

Apple File System (APFS)

The default file system for macOS solid-state drives, supporting native encryption, space sharing, and snapshots.

Bourne Again Shell (Bash)

The default command-line interface for many Linux distributions.

Cloud-Based Recovery

A system recovery method that retrieves installation files from the Internet

Dual-Booting

A configuration that allows users to choose between two different OSs at startup.

End-Of-Life (EOL)

The point at which a vendor stops supporting an OS version with updates or patches.

Extended File Allocation Table (exFAT)

A file system designed for flash drives and SD cards that supports larger files than FAT32

File Allocation Table 32 (FAT32)

A legacy file system with a 4-GB file size limit, still used for compatibility.

File System

A method used by operating systems to store and organize data on a disk.

GUID Partition Table (GPT)

A modern partitioning scheme that supports large drices and more partitions.

Hierarchical File System Plus (HFS+)

The legacy macOS file system used before APFS

Image Deployment

The process of using a preconfigured OS image to efficiently deploy systems.

Internet Recovery

A macOS feature that allows downloading and installing macOS from Apple servers.

Partition

A division of a physical storage drive into logically separate sections for organizing data or installing multiple OSs.

Multiboot Configuration

An installation setup that includes multiple OSs on one system

Master Boot Record (MBR)

A legacy partitioning system limited to four partions and 2TB drives.

Preboot Execution Environment (PXE)

A network-based method for booting and installing operating systems

Open-Source Software (OSS)

Software whose source code in publicly available for modification and distribution

New Technology File System (NTFS)

The default file system for modern Windows systems, supporting permissions, encryption, and compression.

Recovery Partition

A hidden disk partition that allows reinstallation or repair of the OS

Repair Installation

A reinstall of the OS that retains personal data and system settings

Virtual Machine (VM)

A software-emulated computer system that runs an OS in an isolated environment

Resilient File System (ReFS)

A Windows file system used primarily in enterprise server environments.

Solid-State Drive (SSD)

A fast, flash-based storage device with no moving parts.

Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI)

Modern firmware used for booting and managing system hardware.

Zero-Touch Deployment

An automated installation method that requires no manual setup.