Gross Anatomy L15

hand bones on palmar surface from bottom right to bottom left and top left to top right

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, hamate (hook of hamate), capitate, trapezoid, trapezium

order of bones from wrist to tip of finger

carpal, metacarpal, phalanges

what number is the thumb bone

1

what number is the pinky

5

how many phalanges do the digits have except for the thumb?

3: proximal middle distal, thumb has 2: proximal distal

what is the most frequently fractured carpal bone

scaphoid

what are the 3 joints of the hand

radiocarpal joint, carpometacarpal joints, metacarpophalangeal joints

what is the radiocarpal joint an articulation of

the distal end of the radius and proximal carpal bones

what bones do not participate in the radiocarpal joint

ulna and the pisiform

what type of joint is the radiocarpal joint

condyloid synovial joint with articular disc

what movement does the radiocarpal joint allow

flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, circumduction

what type of joint is the carpometacarpal joints

plane synovial joints that allow gliding motion with the thumb as an exception

what type of joint is the thumb joint

saddle joint, flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction

what type of joint is the metacarpophalangeal joint

condyloid joints

movements of the metacarpophalangeal joint

flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction

two types of phalangeal joints

proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints

what type of joints are the phalangeal joints

hinge joints, flexion/extension

what is the name of the prominence at base of thumb covering short thumb muscles called

thenar

what is the name of the small eminence at the base of the 5th digit called

hypothenar eminence

what is the palmaris aponeurosis a continuation of

palmaris longus tendon

what artery and nerve runs through the anatomical snuff box

radial artery and nerve

what is the thick, triangular, central fascia of the palm

palmar aponeurosis

what are fibrous digital sheaths

ligamentous tubes that enclose the long flexor tendons and extend from heads of metacarpals to bases of distal phalanges

what is the organization of the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus tendons

tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis split at the base to allow the flexor digitorum profundus tendon to pass through

which phalanx do FDS tendons attach to

middle phalanx

which phalanx do FDP tendons attach to

distal phalanx

what is the purpose of the fibrous digital sheaths

to prevent bowing of tendons by creating a tunnel

what side are extensor hoods on

dorsum side of the digits

what is the thick ligament that prevents flexor tendons from bowing

flexor retinaculum

what is the carpal tunnel formed between

the carpals and flexor retinaculum

what carpal bones does the carpal tunnel attach to

pisiform, hook of hamate, scaphoid and trapezium

what are the contents of the carpal tunnel

FDS, FDP, FPL, synovial sheaths (all long flexor tendons of carpal tunnel have synovial sheaths), median nerve

what is the ulnar canal and where is it

the ulnar canal holds the ulnar artery and ulnar nerve, and it is superficial to flexor retinaculum

what tendon is in it’s own compartment of the flexor retinaculum

flexor carpi radialis

what results in carpal tunnel syndrome

compression of the median nerve from inflammation of the synovial sheaths

what is carpal release

the partial or complete severance of flexor retinaculum

what are the 5 compartments of the hand muscles

thenar, adductor, hypothenar, central, interosseus

what innervates the opponens pollicis

median nerve

what innervates the abductor pollicis brevis

median nerve

what innervates the flexor pollicis brevis

median nerve

what action does the opponens pollicis do

opposition with digit 5

what action does the abductor pollicis brevis do

abduct thumb

what action does the flexor pollicis brevis do

flex thumb

what innervates the adductor pollicis

deep branch of ulnar nerve

what innervates the opponens digiti minimi

deep branch of ulnar nerve

what innervates abductor digiti minimi

deep branch of ulnar nerve

what innervates flexor digiti minimi brevis

deep branch of ulnar nerve

what action does the adductor pollicis do

adducts thumb

what action does the opponens digiti minimi do

laterally rotate pinky, opposition with thumb

what action does abductor digiti minimi do

abduct digit 5

what action does flexor digiti minimi brevis do

flex digit 5

what innervates lumbricals 1 and 2

median nerve

what innervates lumbricals 3 and 4

deep branch of ulnar nerve

what innervates the dorsal interossei

deep branch of ulnar nerve

what innervates the palmar interossei

deep branch of ulnar nerve

where do all arteries of the hand branch from

radial and ulnar arteries

superficial palmar arch

originates from ulnar artery and is completed by radial, gives rise to common palmar digital arteries which split into proper palmar digital arteries

deep palmar arch

originates from radial artery, completed by ulnar artery, gives rise to 3 palmar metacarpal arteries

what are the arteries that anastomose with perforating branches from deep palmar arch

dorsal arteries

what does the median nerve innervate

opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, 1st and 2nd lumbricals