Mixture Separation Techniques and Properties

Flashcards covering the various techniques for separating mixtures and key chemical phase change terms based on the lecture notes.

Crystallization

A technique used to obtain a pure solid from its solution.

Distillation

A technique used to separate two miscible liquids with a minimum difference of $15\,^{\circ}C$ in boiling points, or to obtain a liquid from a mixture of a liquid and a solid.

Paper chromatography

A method used to separate compounds by taking advantage of differences in their rates of movement on the paper.

Separating funnel

An apparatus used to separate two immiscible liquids based on their different densities.

Sublimation

The transition of a solid directly into a vapour below its melting point without passing through the liquid state.

Deposition

The process when vapour cools and changes back into a solid without becoming a liquid.

Centrifugation

A process that uses rapid spinning to separate heavier solid particles from a solid-liquid mixture.

Coagulation

The addition of a substance, called a coagulant, to make smaller particles clump together and settle down in a heterogeneous mixture of solids and liquids.

Tyndall effect

The scattering of light by dispersed particles in a colloid or suspension.