Manual Cell Count Procedures (Exam 2)

Reference Range

Range of normal values for a laboratory test result

Range/interval where 95% of values in the reference population fall into

Age, sex, race, geographical location

four physical factors that affect concentration of reference ranges

disease, injury

The term pathological relates to changes that are a result of _________ or __________.

pathological

diseased

injured

screening, confirmatory

Laboratory testing begins with ___________ tests and then based on these results physicians can determine if further ___________ testing is needed

Hemogram, Differential

What is measured in a CBC?

parameters measured in the CBC

Mean Cell Volume (MCV)

average size/volume of RBCs

(Hematocrit/RBC count) x 10

Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH)

average weight of the hemoglobin in the RBC

(Hemoglobin/RBC count) x 10

Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

average concentration of hemoglobin in one RBC

(Hemoglobin/Hematocrit) x 100

WBC, RBC, Hgb, Hct, Platelet Count

tests included in the Hemogram

False (screening test)

T/F

CBC is considered a confirmatory test.

Rule of 3

hemoglobin should match hematocrit; hematocrit equal to hemoglobin x 3 +/- 3

Hemoglobin x 3 = Hematocrit +/- 3

5000-10000/uL

reference range for WBC

normal WBC count

150,000 - 400,000/ul

normal platelet count (reference range for platelet count)

4 - 6 million/uL

normal RBC count (reference range for RBCs)

12-16 g/dL

female hemoglobin range

13-17 g/dL

normal range of hemoglobin for males

36-48%

normal hematocrit range for women

40-54%

normal hematocrit range for males

80-100fl

MCV (mean cell volume) normal range

microcytic

pertaining to a small red blood cell

MCV < 80fl

macrocytic

larger than normal RBC size

MCV > 100fl

27 - 32pg

reference range for MCH (mean cell hemoglobin)

32-36%

MCHC (mean cell hemoglobin concentration) normal range

hypochromic

pale in color, as in red blood cells when hemoglobin is deficient

MCHC < 32%

False

True/False

MCHC > 36% is called hyperchromic.

turbidity due to lipemia

interference generally associated with MCHC > 36%

spherocytes

red cell morphology generally associated with an MCHC > 36%

Neubauer Hemacytometer purpose

Manually counting red and white cells in fluid

WBCs

Cell counted in the four outside corner squares in the counting chambers in the Neubauer Hemacytometer

25

Number of squares within the innermost square of the Neubauer Hemacytometer

RBCs

cells counted in the innermost square of the Neubauer Hemacytometer

Acetic Acid, Hydrochloric Acid, Turks Diluting Fluid

diluting fluids used in manual WBC counts

purpose of acids used in manual WBC counts

to lyse RBCs - eliminates RBCs to make it easier to count WBCs

Aqueous Gentian Violet

component in the Turk's solution that dyes white blood cells purple to easier see on the slide

1 mm

the mm of the squares in the grid of the Neubauer Hemacytometer

manual cell calculation of WBCs

(Number of cells counted x Dilution factor x Depth factor (10))/the number of 1mm squares counted

exercise, stress/anxiety, after eating a meal

3 variations that can cause a normal increase in WBC counts

Race, Diurnal Variations

2 variations that decrease WBC counts

Hayem's, Gower's, Isotonic Saline

three diluting fluids listed for manual RBC counting

(320 x dilution factor x 10)/0.2

Calculation for manual RBC count if you had average of 320 RBCs from counting both sides of the hemacytometer in 5 of those squares in the center 1 square

higher, lower

WBC counts are __________ in the morning and _____________ in the evening.

5.0-6.5 million/uL

normal RBC reference range for newborn

4.2 - 5.4 million/microliter

normal RBC reference range for female

4.6 - 6.2 million/microliter

normal RBC reference range for male

Age, exercise, gender, altitude, dehydration, diurnal variations

six variables that can cause a normal increase in RBC counts

less oxygen

reason RBC count increases at higher altitudes