Micro Ch 14, Disease and Epidemiology part 1

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24 Terms

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Pathology
The study of disease and the processes which lead to disease and death.
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Etiology
The study of the causative agent of diseases.
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Epidemiology
The study of an epidemic or the study of an outbreak of a disease, including its source and effects.
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Pathogen
Any organism that can cause a disease.
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Colonization
The act of living in an area; microorganisms that live in an area without causing disease.
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Contamination
The presence of microbes that do not normally live in a particular area.
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Infection
An invasion or colonization of an area by a pathogenic microbe that can cause disease.
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Disease
A disturbance in homeostasis, disrupting the normal functioning of the body.
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Infectious Disease
An illness caused by the presence of a pathogen, which can be spread to others.
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Sepsis
Poisoning due to toxins from microbes, often associated with systemic infection.
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Septicemia
A type of sepsis characterized by the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream.
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Primary Infection
The first sign of infection in an otherwise healthy individual.
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Secondary Infection
An infection that occurs after another infection.
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Superinfection
A secondary infection that occurs due to a decrease in resident flora, usually after antibiotic treatment.
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Mixed Infection
An infection caused by more than one pathogen.
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Symbiosis
The process of more than one organism living together.
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Commensalism
A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither benefited nor harmed.
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Mutualism
A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit.
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Opportunistic Flora
Microbes that can cause disease under specific circumstances.
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Nosocomial Infection
An infection acquired in a hospital setting.
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Resident Flora
Microbes that occupy an area indefinitely, forming a part of the microbiome.
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Transient Flora
Microbes that are temporary residents and can be eliminated from the body.
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Opportunistic Flora
Microbes that can cause disease when conditions are favorable.
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Microbiome
The living microbes in a specific area, often used to describe the microorganisms in the human body.