Lecture 1 Cards

What is Cognitive Neuroscience?

How the brain gives rise to mental functions

Ancient Egyptian view of Mind & Brain?

Thought heart did the mental processing

Aristotle’s view of the mind and brain?

The Heart does the mental processing

Hippocrates & Plato’s views on the Mind & Brain?

The Brain is what does mental processing

Herophilus

• Greek Physician

• Associated brain w/ Behavior

• Distinguished sensory vs motor nerves

Galen

• Greek Physician in Rome

• Dissected animals and believed cerebellum controlled muscles

Abu Bakr Muhammad

• Persian physician-scientist in Iran & Iraq

• Created experimental methods

• Interested in meningitis (coverings of the brain)

Hasan Ibn al-Haytham

• Arabic scientist from Iraq

• Published work on optics

• Said vision occurs in the brain

Leonardo Da Vinci

Idea of chambers in the brain (ventricles)

Andreas Vesalius

• Belgian anatomist + physician

• Anatomy of the brain + showed how nerves connect to brain, NOT heart

Thomas Willis

• Challenged idea of ventricles being central to sensation & thought

• Noted relation between brain damage & behavior deficits

• Coined term Neurology

Franz Joef Gall

• Created Phrenology (skull reading)

• Each brain area for a separate function (Localization Theory)

Pierre Flourens

Believed cog. functions are distributed in the brain (Holism)

Paul Broca

Observed speech loss after lesion in left frontal cortex

Carl Wenickle

Observed deficits in comprehension after lesions in left posterior temporal cortex

John Hughlings Jackson

• Saw seizure patients moved in certain ways (pattern from where seizure starts and how it then moves)

• Topographic organization in brain

Wilder Penfield

• Stimulate brain tissue to find source of seizures

• Found that different parts of the brain gave different responses

• Created map for motor + sensory cortex —> Motor & Sensory Homunculus