chapter 24 - respiratory

Q fever

coxiella burnetii

Q fever morphology

negative, intracellular

Q fever mode of transmission

vehicle (food, (unpasteurized milk), droplet (aerosol), tick vector

Q fever reservoir

large mammals (cattle, sheep, goats) - grow in placenta cell

Q fever association

endemic to california, arizona, oregon, washington

primary typical pneumonia

streptococcus pneumoniae

primary typical pneumonia morphology

positive, encapsulated diplococci

primary typical pneumonia mode of transmission

direct contact, indirect (fomites), droplet (aerosol)

primary typical pneumonia reservoir

human

primary typical pneumonia vaccine

pneumococcal vaccine

primary typical pneumonia association

unusual endospores, rust colored sputum

Hib pneumonia

H. influenzae

Hib pneumonia mode of transmission

direct contact, droplet (aerosol)

Hib pneumonia reservoir

human

Hib pneumonia vaccine

Hib vaccine

Hib pneumonia morphology

negative, rod

Hib pneumonia association

predisposing factors: alcoholism, poor nutrition, cancer, diabetes, aging (elderly)

walking pneumonia

mycoplasma pneumonia

walking pneumonia morphology

wall less bacteria - fried egg

walking pneumonia mode of transmission

droplet (aerosol)

walking pneumonia reservoir

human

walking pneumonia association

persistent - 3 weeks or longer

college outbreak

legionellosis

legionella pneumophila

legionellosis morphology

negative, rod

legionellosis mode of transmission

droplet (aerosols), indirect (fomites)

legionellosis reservoir

non-living (water) - AC towers, hot water systems

legionellosis association

during summer, generally affect older men who drink or smoke

pertussis

bordella pertussis

pertussis morphology

negative, rod - capsule

pertussis mode of transmission

droplet (aerosol)

pertussis reservoir

human

pertussis vaccine

DTaP

pertussis association

paroxysms, bruising on face from coughing

paroxysms

coughing fits followed by high pitched “whoop”

stages of pertussis

1. catarrhal - common cold

2. paroxysms - violent coughing

3. convalescence - last for a few months

psittacosis (ornithosis)

chlamydia psittaci

psittacosis (ornithosis) morphology

negative, intracellular

psittacosis (ornithosis) mode of transmission

bird to human

psittacosis (ornithosis) reservoir

birds

psittacosis (ornithosis) association

birds are reservoir

pneumocystis pneumonia

pneumocytis jiroveci

pneumocystis pneumonia

trophozoite or cyst

pneumocystis pneumonia mode of transmission

airborne, direct contact

pneumocystis pneumonia reservoir

human or soil

pneumocystis pneumonia treatment

amphotericin B

pneumocystis pneumonia association

immunosuppressed individual and newly infected infant

meliodosis

Burkholderia pseudomallei

meliodosis morphology

negative, rod

meliodosis mode of transmission

droplet, vehicle (water, moist soil)

meliodosis reservoir

non-living (moist soil)

meliodosis association

• SE Asia and N. Austrailia

• appear as abscesses

• MOT - through puncture wounds or ingestion

RSV

respiratory syncytial virus

RSV mode of transmission

direct contact, droplet (aerosol)

RSV reservoir

human

RSV treatment

acyclovir

RSV association

• in infants

• flaring of nostrils

• blue/grey

• cells fuse together = syncytium

influenza

influenzae

influenza mode of transmission

direct contact, indirect (fomites), droplet

influenza reservoir

human

influenza treatment

acyclovir

influenza vaccine

flu vaccine

influenza association

fever, aches

COVID-19

SARS-CoV-2

COVID-19 mode of transmission

direct contact, indirect (fomites), droplet

COVID-19 reservoir

human, animal (bats)

COVID-19 treatment + vaccine

acyclovir, COVID-19 vaccine

COVID-19 association

loss of smell or taste

epiglottis

haemophilus influenzae

epiglottis morphology

negative, rod

epiglottis mode of transmission

direct contact, aerosol

epiglottis reservoir

human

epiglottis vaccine

Hib vaccine

epiglottis association

tripod position in children

strep throat

streptococcus pyogenes

strep throat morphology

negative

strep throat mode of transmission

direct contact, droplet

strep throat reservoir

human

strep throat association

red spots - petechiae, pus patch, group a hemolytic

scarlet fever

streptococcus pyogenes

scarlet fever mode of transmission

direct contact

scarlet fever reservoir

human

scarlet fever association

strawberry tongue, white area around mouth, pastia’s line

Pastia’s lines

rash forming red streaks around armpits

diptheria

corynebacterium diptheraie

diptheraia morphology

positive, rod

diptheria mode of transmission

droplet

diptheria reservoir

human

diptheria vaccine

DTaP, Td vaccine

diptheria association

growth of pseudomembrane, black/gray fuzzy coating

otitis media

S. penumoniae

otitis media reservoir

human

otitis media mode of transmission

not transmissible

otitis media association

bulging eardrum, fluid build up

common cold

rhinovirus or coronavirus

common cold mode of transmission

direct contact, indirect, droplet

common cold reservoir

human

common cold treatment

acyclovir

common cold association

sneezing, excessive nasal secreations, congestions

tuberculosis

mycobacterium tuberculosis

tuberculosis morphology

positive,acid fast rod