The light-independent reaction
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15 Terms
What is the light-independent reaction also known as?
The Calvin cycle
Who discovered the Calvin cycle?
Melvin Calvin
Where in the chloroplast does the light-independent reaction take place?
The stroma
Which two molecules produced during the light-dependent reaction are needed for the light-independent reaction?
NADPH and ATP
What is the first stage of the Calvin cycle?
Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) reacts with CO2 to produce 2 molecules of glycerate 3-phosphate (GP). This reaction is catalysed by an enzyme called rubisco.
What is the second stage of the Calvin cycle, after glycerate 3-phosphate has been produced?
2 molecules of glycerate 3-phosphate are reduced by NADPH to produce 2 molecules of triose phosphate. NADPH —> NADP (donates hydrogen to GP). ATP —> ADP + Pi (reaction requires energy)
What is the third stage of the Calvin cycle, after triose phosphate has been produced?
Roughly 80% of triose phosphate produced is converted back to RuBP. ATP —> ADP + Pi (reaction requires energy). The other 20% is used to make organic molecules like glucose, glycerol or amino acids.
How many carbons and phosphates are there in ribulose bisphosphate?
5 carbons and 2 phosphate groups
How many carbons and phosphates are there in glycerate 3-phosphate?
3 carbons and 1 phosphate group
How many carbons and phosphates are there in triose phosphate?
3 carbons and 1 phosphate group
What happens to the NADP, ADP and Pi produced during the light-independent reaction?
They return to the thylakoid membrane, where they are converted back to ATP and NADPH in the light-dependent reaction
Why does rate of photosynthesis increase with light intensity?
As light intensity increases, the rate of photoionisation and photolysis increases
Why does rate of photosynthesis increase with carbon dioxide concentration?
As carbon dioxide concentration increases, ribulose bisphosphate is converted to glycerate 3-phosphate at a higher rate
Why does rate of photosynthesis initially increase with temperature?
As temperature increases, rubisco activity in the light-independent reaction increases
Why does rate of photosynthesis decrease if temperature gets too high?
Rubisco can denature if temperature gets too high
Could stop proteins in the thylakoid membrane from functioning properly, decreasing the rate of the light-dependent reaction