Periodontal Ligament (PDL) and Tooth Anatomy

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts related to the periodontal ligament, tooth anatomy, and related cellular functions.

Periodontal Ligament (PDL)

A connective tissue structure that helps to support the tooth and connects it to the bone.

Sharpey's fibers

Embedded parts of the PDL fibers that anchor the tooth to the bone and cementum.

Fibroblast

The most common and important cell type in the PDL, responsible for the formation of collagen.

Mesenchyme

Embryonic connective tissue from which PDL, cementum, and alveolar bone are developed.

Epithelial rests of Malassez

Remnants of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath that can potentially develop into cysts.

Principal fiber groups

The groups of fibers in the PDL that provide support and stability to the tooth.

Gingival fibers

Fibers in the PDL that support the gingiva and keep it attached to the tooth.

Oblique fibers

The most important principal fibers that run from cementum to bone and allow for tooth mobility.

Alveolar crest fibers

Fibers that extend from cervical cementum to the alveolar crest and are affected first by periodontal disease.

Cementoblasts

Cells responsible for the formation of cementum, present in the PDL.

Proprioceptors

Nerve endings in the PDL that sense pressure and help in chewing.

Nutrient function of PDL

The PDL contains blood vessels that supply nutrients to the tooth and maintain its vitality.

Widening of PDL

An indicator of occlusal trauma, where the PDL becomes wider due to excessive force.

Healing of PDL

Local healing process where PDL fibers can reattach if the irritating factors are removed.

Mesenchymal cells

Undifferentiated cells in the PDL that can become different types of cells, such as osteoblasts.

Collagen fibers in PDL

The primary fiber type in the PDL, which provides strength and support to the tissues.

Interradicular fibers

Fibers that occur between the roots of multi-rooted teeth, attaching to cementum.

Interdental fibers

Fibers that connect adjacent teeth to maintain proximal contact.

Physiologic movement

Natural movement of the tooth allowed by the PDL, which helps to distribute forces.

Variation of normal

The concept that changes in tooth structure due to aging are often normal and not pathological.