week 2: heart and great blood vessles

Vocabulary flashcards based on the BIS232/234 lecture covering heart anatomical relations, internal structures, fetal remnants, blood flow pathways, coronary circulation, and great vessels.

Heart Apex

The pointed portion of the heart directed anteriorly, inferiorly, and to the left.

Heart Base

The surface of the heart facing posteriorly, opposite to the apex.

Anterior (Sternocostal) Surface

The surface of the heart anatomically related to the body of the sternum and costal cartilages.

Tricuspid Valve

The atrioventricular valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle.

Mitral Valve

The atrioventricular valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle, also known as the bicuspid valve.

Aortic Valve

The semilunar valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta.

Pulmonary Valve

The semilunar valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery/trunk.

Right Auricle

The right atrial appendage, which contains more pectinate muscles and crista terminalis than the left auricle.

Pectinate Muscles

Muscular ridges located inside the atria, especially prominent within the right auricle.

Crista Terminalis

A vertical muscular ridge found inside the right atrium.

Fossa Ovalis

A depression located on the right atrial wall that represents the embryological remnant of the foramen ovale.

Trabeculae Carnae

Muscular ridges present on the inner wall of both the right and left ventricles.

Papillary Muscles

Muscles within the ventricles attached to chordae tendineae that contract during ventricular systole to prevent the eversion of valves.

Chordae Tendineae

Tendinous strands that attach the heart valves to the papillary muscles.

Foramen Ovale

A fetal structure that allows blood from the placenta to bypass nonfunctional lungs by flowing directly from the right atrium to the left atrium, closing to become the fossa ovalis.

Ductus Arteriosus

A fetal vessel connecting the pulmonary trunk to the descending aorta to perfuse pulmonary tissue, which closes and becomes fibrous after birth.

Ligamentum Arteriosum

A fibrous ligament connecting the pulmonary trunk to the arch of the aorta, representing the embryological remnant of the ductus arteriosus.

Posterior Descending Artery (PDA)

A branch of the coronary circulation whose arterial source defines coronary dominance.

Right Dominance

Coronary circulation pattern where the posterior descending artery (PDA) is supplied by the right coronary artery (RCA), occurring in approximately 70-80% of individuals.

Left Dominance

Coronary circulation pattern where the posterior descending artery (PDA) is supplied by the left coronary artery (LCA), occurring in approximately 5-10% of individuals.

Co-dominance

Coronary circulation pattern where both the right and left coronary arteries supply the posterior descending artery (PDA), occurring in approximately 20% of individuals.

Coronary Sinus

The major venous channel draining blood from the heart wall, which receives tributaries such as the great, small, middle, and posterior cardiac veins.

Arch of the Aorta Branches

The arterial branches arising directly from the aortic arch: the brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery.

Pulmonary Veins

Four vessels (left superior, left inferior, right superior, right inferior) that transport oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium.

Mediastinum

The central space within the thoracic cavity containing the heart and other vital structures, categorized into superior and inferior (subdivided into anterior, middle, and posterior) regions.