Veterinary Sciences Practice Flashcards

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and definitions from Veterinary Microbiology, Animal Nutrition, and Veterinary Biochemistry.

MDR

Multi-Drug Resistance.

CBPP

Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia, a disease caused by specific species of Mycoplasma.

Wood's lamp test

A diagnostic procedure used for the identification of fungal infections where infected tissues exhibit fluorescence.

Bacteriostatic

Antibiotics that function by inhibiting the growth and reproduction of bacteria without necessarily killing them.

Bacteriocidal

Antibiotics designed to act by directly killing the target bacteria.

Amplicon

The specific product generated by the polymerase chain reaction ($PCR$).

Toxoids

Inactivated exotoxins that have lost their toxicity while maintaining their immunogenic properties.

Plasmid

Extra chromosomal $DNA$ found within a bacterial cell that can replicate independently.

Nosocomial infections

Infections that are acquired by patients during their stay in a hospital or clinic.

Actinomyces bovis

The microorganism commonly known as the Ray fungus.

Opsonin

A substance that coats foreign particles to promote their phagocytosis by immune cells.

Virion

A complete, infectious virus particle located outside of a host cell.

Adjuvant

A substance added to a vaccine to improve or enhance the host's immune response to the antigen.

Negri bodies

Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies characteristic of a Rabies virus infection.

Bollinger bodies

Characteristic inclusion bodies found in cells infected with Poxviruses.

Cytopathic effect

The structural and functional changes in host cells resulting from viral invasion.

Interferon

Antiviral substances produced by host cells as a response to viral infections.

Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN)

A measure of feed energy where the digestible ether extract value is multiplied by a factor of $2.25$ during calculation.

Feed conversion ratio

The amount of feed in $kg$ required to produce one $kg$ of body weight gain in an animal.

Piglet anaemia

A clinical condition in young pigs typically resulting from a deficiency in iron ($Fe$).

Bypass protein

Dietary protein that escapes fermentation in the rumen and is subsequently digested in the small intestine.

Aflatoxin duck tolerance

The maximum tolerance limit for aflatoxin levels in ducks is set at $0.03\,ppm$.

Xanthophylls

The chemical group responsible for producing the yellow coloration of yolk and skin in birds.

Gluconeogenesis

The metabolic pathway through which glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate precursors like oxaloacetate.

Xenobiotic

A chemical compound that is foreign to the biological system and is not naturally produced by the organism.

Katal

The $SI$ unit of enzyme activity, representing the conversion of one mole of substrate per second.

Cori cycle

The metabolic pathway where lactate produced by muscle tissue is transported to the liver and converted back into glucose.

Anion gap

The calculated difference between the measured cations and measured anions in blood serum.

Transition state

The high-energy intermediate state during a chemical reaction where reactants are converted into products.

IMVIC pattern of E. coli

The biochemical test profile for Escherichia coli, which is identified as $++--$.

Calf starter CP content

The crude protein ($CP$) content of calf starter usually ranges from $23-26\%$.