Excretion

Tubules

secrete nitrogenous wastes and salts from the hemolymph; water follows the solutes by.

Reabsorption

: occurs simultaneously with secretion.

Tubules

secrete nitrogenous wastes and salts from the hemolymph; water follows the solutes by.

Reabsorption

: occurs simultaneously with secretion.

Excretion

: process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated.

Molecules

remaining in the plasma are selectively removed (penicillin) from the peritubular capillaries & secreted into the filtrate.

Freshwater fish

: gain water and lose salt when ventilating gills.

Osmoconformers

: match osmolarity of blood and other fluids to seawater at 1000 mOsm /L.

Nephrostome

drains the metamere just anterior to the one in which the metanephridium is located.

Saltwater fish

: gain salts and lose water across gills.

Uric acid

is synthesized by the insect's tissues and released in soluble form.

Kidneys

produce copious dilute urine.

extracellular compartments

Animals with a closed circulatory system have two - interstitial fluid and blood plasma.

Osmoregulators

: maintain constant internal salt concentrations and osmolarities.

Intracellular fluid

: inside cell.

Interstitial compartment

: bathing tissues & returning to blood.

Secretion

: filtrate is passed through the renal tubule.

Animals

with an open circulatory system have an extracellular compartment containing hemolymph which bathes the cells.

Interior fluids

are filtered as they pass through the perforations in the flame bulb's cells.

Wastes

either diffuse out of body or are excreted into the gastrovascular cavity.

Na+ Pump

: sodium ions are actively pumped across the membrane and Cl- follow passively by electrostatic attraction.

majority of cells

The in most animals (all but sponges and cnidarians) are not exposed to the external environment, but are bathed by an extracellular fluid.

tubule

Each possesses a nephrostome, collecting , and a nephridiopore.

Excretion

: remaining fluids leave the nephron and pass into the renal pelvis (funnel of the ureter) and travel to bladder until released through the urethra.

uric acid

The is absorbed by the Malpighian tubules and the low pH in the tubule lumen causes to precipitate out as dry matter.

Animals with a closed circulatory system have two extracellular compartments

interstitial fluid and blood plasma

Saltwater fish

gain salts and lose water across gills

Freshwater fish

gain water and lose salt when ventilating gills

Specialized gill epithelial cells transport Na+ and Cl

from water into fishs capillaries

Osmoregulators

maintain constant internal salt concentrations and osmolarities

Osmoconformers

match osmolarity of blood and other fluids to seawater at 1000 mOsm/L

Excretion

process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated

Plasma compartment

blood plasma

Interstitial compartment

bathing tissues & returning to blood

Intracellular fluid

inside cell

Protonephridium

platyhelminthes & nematodes

Metanephridium

annelids

Na+, Cl

and other solutes reabsorbed                                     along tubule

Filtration

filtrate is forced out of glomerulus & received by Bowmans capsule

Reabsorption

occurs simultaneously with secretion

Secretion

filtrate is passed through the renal tubule

Excretion

remaining fluids leave the nephron and pass into the renal pelvis (funnel of the ureter) and travel to bladder until released through the urethra