3.3 Vocabulary: Evolution: Mutation & Selection and Mouse Genetics (One trait) (copy)

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25 Terms

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Adaptation

A trait that is beneficial to an organism

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Allele

One of two or more forms that a gene could take

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Chromosome

A rod-shaped structure within a cell’s nucleus that is composed of DNA and proteins

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Evolution

Change in the inherited traits of a population of organisms that occur over many generations

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Fitness

Describes how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment

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Gene

A segment of DNA that determines or helps to determine a trait

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Genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism

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Mutation

A change in a gene

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Natural selection

The process by which favorable inherited traits become more common over time

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Phenotype

The physical appearance of an organism

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Trait

A characteristic of an organism

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DNA

A molecule found in the cell nucleus that encodes genetic information

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Recessive Allele

And allele that is not expressed when the dominant allele is present

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Dominant Allele

An allele that is always expressed when it is present

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Heterozygous

Having two alleles that are different (Bb)

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Homozygous

Having two alleles that are the same (BB, bb)

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Dominant

Strong allele

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Recessive

Weak allele

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Homozygous Dominant

Both alleles in the zygote are strong (BB)

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Homozygous Recessive

Both alleles in the zygote are weak (bb)

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Hybrid

The offspring of genetically different parents

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Inheritance

The passage of genetic material from parents to offspring

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Punnett Square

A diagram that shows the possible offspring of two parents

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Haploid

Half of the number of chromosomes (23)

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Diploid

Full set of chromosomes (46)