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Adaptation
A trait that is beneficial to an organism
Allele
One of two or more forms that a gene could take
Chromosome
A rod-shaped structure within a cell’s nucleus that is composed of DNA and proteins
Evolution
Change in the inherited traits of a population of organisms that occur over many generations
Fitness
Describes how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment
Gene
A segment of DNA that determines or helps to determine a trait
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism
Mutation
A change in a gene
Natural selection
The process by which favorable inherited traits become more common over time
Phenotype
The physical appearance of an organism
Trait
A characteristic of an organism
DNA
A molecule found in the cell nucleus that encodes genetic information
Recessive Allele
And allele that is not expressed when the dominant allele is present
Dominant Allele
An allele that is always expressed when it is present
Heterozygous
Having two alleles that are different (Bb)
Homozygous
Having two alleles that are the same (BB, bb)
Dominant
Strong allele
Recessive
Weak allele
Homozygous Dominant
Both alleles in the zygote are strong (BB)
Homozygous Recessive
Both alleles in the zygote are weak (bb)
Hybrid
The offspring of genetically different parents
Inheritance
The passage of genetic material from parents to offspring
Punnett Square
A diagram that shows the possible offspring of two parents
Haploid
Half of the number of chromosomes (23)
Diploid
Full set of chromosomes (46)