Rizal's life

Flashcards about Dr. Jose Rizal which includes information from lecture notes

Czar Alexander II

Issued a proclamation emancipating 22,500,000 serfs in Russia on February 19, 1861.

President Lincoln

He issued his famous Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862, freeing the Negro slaves in the United States.

Benito Juarez

A full-blooded Zapotec Indian, was elected President of Mexico on June 1, 1861.

Emperor Napoleon III

Emperor of the Second French Empire, Napoleon III, driven by imperialistic desires, sent French troops to invade and conquer Mexico in April 1862.

Archduke Maximilian of Austria

Installed as puppet emperor of Mexico at Mexico City on June 12, 1864, by Napoleon III.

Italians

Led by Count Cavour and Garibaldi, they drove out the Austrians and French and proclaimed the Kingdom of Italy with King Victor Emmanuel and Rome as the capital.

Prussians

Led by Otto von Bismarck, they defeated France in the Franco-Prussian War and established the German Empire on January 18, 1871, with King Wilhelm of Prussia as Kaiser.

England

Acquired Hong Kong after winning the First Opium War (1839-1842) and later gained Kowloon Peninsula in the Second Opium War (1856-1860).

France

Conquered Vietnam and annexed Cambodia (1863) and Laos (1893), forming French Indochina.

The Dutch

Colonized the vast archipelago of the East Indies, naming it the Netherlands East Indies (now Indonesia).

American Squadron

Commodore Matthew C. Perry re-opened Japan to the world on July 8, 1853, ending its 214-year isolation.

Japan

Launched imperialist career fighting China in the Sino-Japanese War (1894-95), seizing Formosa (Taiwan) and Pescadores.

Germany

Seized Yap Island in the Carolines on August 25, 1885, initiating a dispute with Spain resolved by Pope Leo XIII.

Spain

Was Enraged by German seizure of Yap Island, leading to the Carolina Question, resolved through Papal arbitration favoring Spain.

Evils of Spanish misrule during Rizal's Time

Occurence: (1) Instability of colonial administration, (2) corrupt officialdom, (3) no Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes, (4) human rights denied to Filipinos.

Spanish Jurist in 1850

Removed from assigned position to a different jurist while en route to Manila due to political instability in Spain.

Corrupt Colonial Officials

They Aroused anger by executing Fathers Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora and were symbols of a decadent Spain.

Instability of Colonial Administration

Was characterized by political chaos, frequent shifts in colonial policies, and a rapid turnover of governors-general.

Frequent Change of Colonial Officials

Resulted in limited advancements for the Philippines as chief executives were frequently replaced.

Adverse Effect on Philippine Affairs

Was a Result of political instability in Spain and led to shifting colonial policies and officials.

Ventura de los Reyes

The First Philippine delegate to the Spanish Cortes who took active part in framing the Constitution of 1812 and was one of its 184 signers.

Accomplishment of Ventura Delos Reyes

Achieved the abolishment of the galleon trade while acting as Philippine delegate.

Cortes Abolishment of 1837

Resulted in the abolition of representation of overseas colonies, including the Philippines, and a worsening of Philippine conditions.

Propaganda Movement by Rizal and others

Paved the way for the Philippine Revolution of 1896 by advocating for reforms.

Human Rights of Spain

Were freedoms enjoyed by Spaniards in Spain but denied to Filipinos, highlighting the inconsistency in Spanish rule.

Sinbaldo de Mas

Was a Spanish economist who lamented the inconsistency of denying Filipinos the freedoms enjoyed by Spaniards.

Spanish Colonial Authorities

Brown-skinned Filipinos were seen as inferior and were subjects to be exploited.

Leyes de Indias (Laws of the Indies)

Were rarely enforced by Spanish officials in the Philippines, leading to the abuse and mistreatment of Filipinos.

Spanish Penal Code

Imposed heavier penalties on native Filipinos or indios and lighter penalties on white Spaniards, highlighting legal inequality.

The courts during Rizal's time

were costly, partial and slow.

Juan de la Cruz

Arrested on mere suspicion and jailed for 12 years without trial, exemplifying the injustice in Spanish legal procedures.

Frailocracy (frailocracia)

Was a system of government in Hispanic Philippines controlled by friars, who wielded immense political power.

Bad Spanish friars

Corrupted the Spanish Empire.

Forced Labor (polo)

Was the duty to provide labor imposed by Spanish colonial authorities on Filipino males for public works .

Falla

Allowed exemption from forced labor through payment.

Friar Haciendas

Were the richest landlords during Rizal's time, owning the best agricultural lands, which contributed to agrarian revolts.

Guardia Civil (Constabulary)

Was the hated symbol of Spanish tyranny, notorious for abuse and maltreatment of Filipinos.

Rizal's description of the Guardia Civil

Ruffians fit only for disturbing the peace and persecuting honest men.

Dr. Jose Rizal

Was a child prodigy with versatile skills including being a physician, poet, novelist, and patriot.

Birthdate of Jose Rizal

June 19, 1861 in Calamba, Laguna.

Rizal’s Baptist

Was Father Rufino Collantes, who baptized Rizal June 22, 1861, recognizing his potential greatness.

Governor-General of the Philippines during Rizal's birth

Was Lieutenant General Jose Lemery.

Don Francisco Mercado Rizal

Name of Rizal's Father.

Tatay

Was an epithet to honor Rizal in his student memoirs for being a model of fathers.

Teodora Alonso Realonda

Remarkable woman who possessed refined culture, literary talent, business ability, and the fortitude of a Spartan mother.

Rlzal’s Frst Sorrow

Was known as the tragic death of Rizal’s younger sister, Concha.

Rizal

Was nicknamed Pepe and lived with Josephine Bracken during exile in Dapitan.

Domingo Lamco

Was a Chinese immigrant great-great-grandfather of Rizal who assumed the surname Mercado in 1731.

Rizal

Real second surname of the Rizal family that was added by a friend and spanish mayor , because there were many Mercado's already.

Rizal’s Primary Education

Is the First teacher of Rizal and mother, who taught him to read and say prayers.

Father Leoncio Lopez

Was known to influence him and foster his love for scholarship and intellectual honesty.

Concha

Was the cause of her death that brought him his first sorrow.

"The Children's Friend" (El Amigo de los Ninos).

Was the Spanish reading material used by Teodora to teach Rizal.