Osteoporosis ect

Etiology of Rickets

Vit D, calcium, phosphate deficeincy, poor diet, lack of sun exposure, malabsoption.

Pathogenesis of Rickets

Impaired mineralisation of the growth plates leads to soft and deformed bones due to lack of calcification.

CM of Rickets

Bone deformities, delayed growth and rupture of teeth, skeletal px.

Treatment implications for Rickets

Supplementation, sunlight exposure.

Epediomiology of Rickets

Children, especially those with limited sun exposure, or poor nutrition.

Etiology of osteomalacia

Vit D defiancy in adults

Pathogenesis of osteomalacia

Defective bone mineralization of mature bone matrix, leading to softening of bones - doesn’t affect growth plates.

CM of osteomalacia

Diffuse bone pain, muscle weakness, waddling gait, increased fracture risk.

Treatment implications for osteomalacia

Vit D and Calcium supplementation, correcting underlying conditions, and improving dietary intake.

Etiology of osteoporosis

Imbalance between bone resorption and formation, common causes include aging, menopause, sedentary lifestyle.

Pathogenesis of osteoporosis

Increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation lead to decreased trabeculae, reduced width and bone mass, causing fragile bones.

Clinical manifestations of osteoporosis

Often asymptomatic until fracture occurs: compression of vertebrae, hips, and wrists may cause height loss and kyphosis

Treatment implications for osteoporosis

Lifestyle changes - excerise, clacium and Vit D, fall prevention strategies.

Which demographics are most affected by osteoporosis

Postmenopausal women, smaller individuals, elderly, smokers.