McGuirk Mendelian Genetics quiz

gregory mendel

Austrian monk and plant breeder, known as the "Father of Genetics," who discovered inheritance patterns in pea plants. .

genetics

the study of heredity

Inheritance

the passing of traits to the next generation (heredity)

trait

a distinguishing quality or characteristic

Inheritance is also known as heredity

True-Breeding

Also called purebred, true-breeding organisms, like pea plants, always pass down one form of a trait.

Pea Plant Experimentation

Pea plants self-fertilize, common in flowers, as pollen and ovule unite in the same bloom but can also be hand cross-pollinated.

what did Mendel notice in the pea plant experiment

Mendel observed pea plants consistently inherited specific traits across generations.

some _______ produced green seeds

always

some_____ produced yellow

alway

Mendel's Cross-Pollination Experiment

He transferred male gametes from green-seed plants to fertilize yellow-seed plants.

4o

pea plant experiment result

all offsprings had yellow seeds

Mendel studies 7 different traits:

Pea color

Flower color

Seed pod color

Stem Length

Seed shape

Seed pod shape

Flower Position

the f2 generations were

3:1

hybrid

An organism that is the result of combining the qualities of different organisms through sexual reproduction.

monohybrid cross

mono- one

hybrids for a single trait

dihybrid cross

crossing of 2 traits.

Law of Independent Assortment

the law that states that genes separate independently of one another in meiosis

How can we use probability to predict traits?

Probability is the likelihood that a particular event will occur.

What do Punnett Squares show?

Punnett squares use mathematical probability to help predict the genotype and phenotype combinations in genetic crosses.

How do alleles segregate when more than one gene is involved?

The principle of independent assortment states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.

what is mendels experiment known as

a two-factor, or dihybrid cross. Single-gene crosses are monohybrid crosses.

Principle of Independent Assortment

genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes

what is the foil method

First, Outer, Inner, Last

A Summary of Mendel’s Principles

Traits are inherited through genes passed from parents to offspring.

Some gene forms (alleles) are dominant, others recessive.

Each organism inherits two gene copies, which separate during gamete formation.

Different genes usually assort independently.

What did Mendel contribute to our understanding of genetics?

Mendel's principles of heredity, observed through patterns of inheritance, form the basis of modern genetics.

Mendels Principles

The basic principles of Mendelian genetics can be used to study the inheritance of human traits and to calculate the probability of certain traits appearing in the next generation.

phenotypic ratio vs genotypic ratio

Genotypes:

Tt x tt

Phenotypes:

tall x short

Genotypes:

50% (2/4) Tt

50% (2/4) tt

Phenotypes:

50% tall

50% short

what comes out the monohybrid 16 square punnet square

gametes

what are the boxes in punnet squares

possible offspring