Globalization: c. 1900 - Present

Flashcards about Globalization and Technology, Environment, Economics, Culture, Globalized Institutions, Globalization Encouraged Reform, and Resistance to Globalization

What is globalization?

The increasing economic, political, and social interconnectedness of the world.

What are four examples of how communications technology increased globalization?

Radios in homes, televisions, news broadcasts of distant events, cellular technology, and the internet.

What are two examples of how shipping technology increased globalization?

Increased air travel and the adoption of shipping containers.

What are two examples of energy technologies that increased productivity, manufacturing, and globalization?

Fossil fuels and Nuclear Power.

What has been the impact of medical technology developed after 1900 that gave women more control over their lives?

Medical birth control methods gave women more reliable control over their fertility, mainly affecting wealthier countries and leading to declining fertility rates.

What 20th century medical technologies have helped to prolong life?

Vaccines and antibiotics.

How has agricultural technology increased globalization?

Commercial agriculture has become the dominant model for growing food, increasing production and maximizing profits, leading to a significant increase in the world’s food supply.

What was the Green Revolution?

Scientists used genetic modification to create new strains of high-yielding grain crops, benefiting places like Mexico, India, and Indonesia.

What is an example of how increased globalization led to the spread of disease?

The Influenza Pandemic of 1918.

What is an example of a disease associated with poverty that persisted in the 20th century?

Malaria.

What are examples of diseases associated with aging populations in the 20th century?

Heart disease and Alzheimer’s.

How has increased urbanization negatively affected the environment?

Deforestation and declining air quality due to increased dependence on fossil fuels.

How has increased agricultural production negatively affected the environment?

Desertification, overuse of freshwater, and water contamination.

Why does climate change cause so much debate?

Debates about the causes and who is responsible for fixing the problem, with most scientists blaming human-released greenhouse gasses.

What economic policies became popular in the late 1900s?

Free market economics and economic liberalization became popular, emphasizing policies like lowering trade barriers and deregulation.

What are some examples of governments that increased encouragement of free-market policies?

Ronald Reagan in the United States, Margaret Thatcher in the United Kingdom and Deng Xiaoping of China.

How did the work done by advanced nations change in the late 20th century and what is a specific historical example?

Work became characterized by knowledge workers, like Finland investing in technology and becoming important in cell phone technology and software development.

How did the location of industrial production and manufacturing change in late 20th century?

Manufacturing became located in developing countries where workers earned lower wages, mostly in Asia and Latin America.

What is an example of a 20th century regional trade agreement?

The European Union.

What is an example of a global economic institution?

The World Trade Organization (WTO).

What is a multinational corporation in the 20th century, and what is a specific historical example of one?

Businesses that are incorporated in one country but manufacture and sell goods in other countries globally, like Nestle.

How did globalization change culture over time?

New communication and transportation technologies made it so that people from all over the world were exposed to other cultures creating globalized culture.

What are specific musical examples of globalized culture?

Reggae and K-Pop.

What are specific examples of globalized culture in film?

Hollywood and Bollywood.

What are specific examples of globalized consumer culture?

People are defined by what they buy, not what they make, such as the global consumption of American brands like Coca-Cola and goods from multinational corporations like Toyota.

What are specific examples of globalized culture in sports?

The Olympics and the World Cup.

How has China resisted globalized culture?

China created their own social media site called Weibo and banned western media sites like Facebook and Twitter.

What is the United Nations and what does it do?

Created after World War II to prevent war and facilitate cooperation among the world’s nations.

How does the United Nations operate to promote its goals? What is a specific example of this?

UNICEF and the Security Council.

How does the United Nations help the world economically?

The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, which promote free trade and stable currency values.

How has globalization helped to promote human rights? What is a specific historical example of this?

It created movements for rights-based discourse, like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

What is a specific example of how globalization has led to reforms in terms of gender?

The global feminist movement worked to secure women’s right to vote across the world.

What are some specific examples of how globalization has led to reforms in terms of race, class and politics?

Black liberation campaigns like the Negritude Movement, the Civil Rights Movement in the United States and the the caste reservation system in India.

What is a rights based movement that protested inequality and economic consequences of global integration?

Liberation theology in Latin America.

How is environmentalism resistance to globalization?

Environmentalism.

What is an example of an organization that formed to protest the economic consequences of globalization like inequality?

The World Fair Trade Organization.

What is an example of a global environmental movement?

Greenpeace.

What is an example of an economic protest movement against the effects of globalization?

The Battle for Seattle in 1999.