BJU Chemistry Chapter 6

chemical bonds

atoms naturally linking together

octet rule

a full valence shell must contain 8 electrons to maximize stability

What does the octet rule not apply to?

transition metals, inner transition metals, and the first 4 or 5 elements in the periodic table

covalent bond

bond formed by sharing electrons; nonmetals bonding

ionic bond

the attraction between oppositely charged ions; metal bonded to nonmetals

metallic bond

an attraction between a positive metal ion and the electrons surrounding it; metals bonding

polarity

tendency of an object to form two localized regions of opposite character

electronegativity

a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond

polar covalent

unequal sharing of electrons

bonding pair

two shared electrons that make up a pair

electrostatic force

force exerted between electrical charges

The atoms of which 7 elements are not stable by themselves?

hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine

Lewis structure

two dimensional diagram that shows the bond between atoms

polyatomic ion

a covalently bonded anion

formula unit

ratio of cations to anions needed to achieve neutrality

crystal lattice

a three-dimensional geometric arrangement of particles

electron sea theory

a theory that explains how metal atoms bond together and explains why metals have such unique properties

delocalized electrons

electrons that are free to move in metals

nonmetal/nonmetal bonding

tightly shared valence electrons, covalent bonding, and low to medium bond polarity

metal/nonmetal bonding

transferred valence electrons, ionic bonding, high bond polarity

metal/metal bonding

widely shared valence electrons, metallic bonding, and n/a bond polarity

network covalent substances

atoms covalently bonded into a continuous three-dimensional network

ionic bonding properties

dense, brittle, hard solids, high melting point, and poor conductors of electricity and heat

alloys

mixture of metal's atoms with another element and has metallic properties

metals and metal alloys properties

shiny, metallic, malleable, ductile, strong

How can we use chemical bonds to solve problems?

tuberculosis medicine