3 - Alcohols and Related Compounds

c. C8

Maximum carbon chain length for increasing antibacterial activity of alcohols.

a. C10
b. C6
c. C8
d. C12

• Non-polar

• Decreased water solubility

• Decreased antibacterial activity

Property of alcohols with more than 9 carbon atoms.

a. Increased water solubility
b. Increased antibacterial activity
c. Non-polar, decreased water solubility, decreased antibacterial activity
d. Complete sterilization

b. Decreases antibacterial property

The effect of branching on antibacterial property of alcohols.

a. Increases antibacterial property
b. Decreases antibacterial property
c. No effect
d. Complete loss of activity

d. Isopropyl alcohol

Alcohol that is more potent, cheaper, and less toxic despite branching.

a. Ethyl alcohol
b. Methyl alcohol
c. Butyl alcohol
d. Isopropyl alcohol

c. 40%

Concentration of isopropyl alcohol equivalent in potency to 60% ethyl alcohol.

a. 50%
b. 60%
c. 40%
d. 70%

b. Primary > Secondary > Tertiary

Order of decreasing isomeric alcohol potency.

a. Secondary > Primary > Tertiary
b. Primary > Secondary > Tertiary
c. Tertiary > Secondary > Primary
d. Primary > Tertiary > Secondary

b. Protein denaturation / precipitation

Mechanism of action (MOA) of alcohols as anti-infective agents.

a. Cell wall synthesis inhibition
b. Protein denaturation / precipitation
c. Nucleic acid synthesis inhibition
d. Folate synthesis inhibition

c. Absolute Alcohol

95% OH.

a. Diluted Alcohol
b. Denatured Alcohol
c. Absolute Alcohol
d. Specially Denatured Alcohol

b. Dehydrated Alcohol

99% OH prepared by azeotropic distillation.

a. Diluted Alcohol
b. Dehydrated Alcohol
c. Completely Denatured Alcohol
d. Specially Denatured Alcohol

b. Azeotropic distillation

Diluted Alcohol (99% OH) is prepared by ______

a. Simple distillation
b. Azeotropic distillation
c. Fractional distillation
d. Steam distillation

c. Diluted Alcohol

49 – 50% OH.

a. Absolute Alcohol
b. Denatured Alcohol
c. Diluted Alcohol
d. Completely Denatured Alcohol

d. Denatured Alcohol

Ethanol rendered unfit for use in intoxicating beverages.

a. Absolute Alcohol
b. Diluted Alcohol
c. Specially Denatured Alcohol
d. Denatured Alcohol

c. Completely Denatured Alcohol

Contains methanol and benzene

a. Denatured Alcohol
b. Specially Denatured Alcohol
c. Completely Denatured Alcohol
d. Diluted Alcohol

c. Completely Denatured Alcohol

Contains added wood alcohol and benzene, unsuitable for internal or external use.

a. Denatured Alcohol
b. Specially Denatured Alcohol
c. Completely Denatured Alcohol
d. Diluted Alcohol

b. Specially Denatured Alcohol

Treated with substituents so that its use is permitted for a specialized purpose (e.g., Iodine in alcohol).

a. Completely Denatured Alcohol
b. Specially Denatured Alcohol
c. Denatured Alcohol
d. Absolute Alcohol

b. Isopropyl alcohol

Also known as:

• Ethanol

• Grain alcohol

• Wine spirit

• Cologne spirit

• Spiritus vini rectificatus.

a. Methyl alcohol
b. Isopropyl alcohol
c. Alcohol, USP
d. Denatured alcohol

b. Isopropyl alcohol

Ethanol

a. Methyl alcohol
b. Isopropyl alcohol
c. Alcohol, USP
d. Denatured alcohol

b. Isopropyl alcohol

Grain Alcohol

a. Methyl alcohol
b. Isopropyl alcohol
c. Alcohol, USP
d. Denatured alcohol

b. Isopropyl alcohol

Wine spirit

a. Methyl alcohol
b. Isopropyl alcohol
c. Alcohol, USP
d. Denatured alcohol

b. Isopropyl alcohol

Cologne spirirt

a. Methyl alcohol
b. Isopropyl alcohol
c. Alcohol, USP
d. Denatured alcohol

b. Isopropyl alcohol

Spiritus vini rectificatus.

a. Methyl alcohol
b. Isopropyl alcohol
c. Alcohol, USP
d. Denatured alcohol

c. Alcohol, USP

Most widely abused of all recreational drugs.

a. Caffeine
b. Nicotine
c. Alcohol, USP
d. Marijuana

c. Both a and b

• Fermentation of grains and other CHOs

• H2SO4 acid catalyzed hydration of ethylene

Commercial ethanol (95%) is manufactured by:

a. Fermentation of grains and other CHOs

b. H2SO4 acid catalyzed hydration of ethylene

c. Both a and b

b. Alcohol dehydrogenase

The enzyme that converts ethanol to acetaldehyde.

a. Aldehyde dehydrogenase
b. Alcohol dehydrogenase
c. Catalase
d. Cytochrome P450

c. Aldehyde dehydrogenase

The enzyme that converts acetaldehyde to acetate (acetic acid).

a. Alcohol dehydrogenase
b. Acetaldehyde synthase
c. Aldehyde dehydrogenase
d. Acetate kinase

a. Acetate (Acetic Acid)

📌Ethanol → Acetaldehyde → Acetate (Acetic Acid)

Ethanol is metabolized to acetaldehyde, which is further metabolized to _____

a. Acetate (Acetic Acid)
b. Acetyl-CoA
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Water

c. Fomepizole

Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and is used as an antidote for methanol poisoning.

a. Disulfiram
b. Naltrexone
c. Fomepizole
d. Acamprosate

c. Fomepizole

Used as an antidote for methanol poisoning.

a. Disulfiram
b. Naltrexone
c. Fomepizole
d. Acamprosate

d. Disulfiram

Used as a deterrent for alcohol addiction by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase.

a. Fomepizole
b. Methanol
c. Naloxone
d. Disulfiram

b. Disulfiram

Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, causing accumulation of acetaldehyde leading to extreme hangover-like symptoms (nausea, vomiting, vasodilatory flushing).

a. Fomepizole
b. Disulfiram
c. Ethanol
d. Metronidazole

a. Extreme hangover-like symptoms (nausea, vomiting, vasodilatory flushing)

The accumulation of acetaldehyde due to aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition results in which symptoms?

a. Extreme hangover-like symptoms (nausea, vomiting, vasodilatory flushing)
b. Seizures and coma
c. Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity
d. Hypotension and bradycardia

c. Isopropyl alcohol

Also known as 2-propanol

a. Methyl alcohol
b. Butyl alcohol
c. Isopropyl alcohol
d. Ethyl alcohol

c. Isopropyl alcohol

Substitute for ethanol
a. Methyl alcohol
b. Butyl alcohol
c. Isopropyl alcohol
d. Ethyl alcohol

c. Isopropyl alcohol

Prepared by sulfuric acid catalyzed hydration of propylene

a. Methyl alcohol
b. Butyl alcohol
c. Isopropyl alcohol
d. Ethyl alcohol

c. Isopropyl alcohol

Rapidly bactericidal at 50-95% concentration.

a. Methyl alcohol
b. Butyl alcohol
c. Isopropyl alcohol
d. Ethyl alcohol

b. 50-95%

Isopropyl alcohol is rapidly bactericidal at ______ % concentration.

a. 30-50%
b. 50-95%
c. 70-90%
d. 95-100%

c. Ethylene alcohol / Ether

C₂H₄O.

a. Carboxide
b. Isopropyl alcohol
c. Ethylene alcohol / Ether
d. Ethyl alcohol

d. Ethylene alcohol / Ether

MOA: Alkylation of bacterial protein by nucleophilic opening of the oxide ring.

a. Ethyl alcohol
b. Isopropyl alcohol
c. Chlorhexidine
d. Ethylene alcohol / Ether

c. Ethylene alcohol / Ether

Gas sterilant used for temperature-sensitive pharmaceutical and equipment that cannot be autoclaved.

a. Formaldehyde
b. Glutaraldehyde
c. Ethylene alcohol / Ether
d. Hydrogen peroxide

a. Carboxide

Composed of 10% ethylene oxide + 90% CO₂.

a. Carboxide
b. Ethylene alcohol
c. Isopropyl alcohol
d. Denatured alcohol

a. 10% ethylene oxide + 90% CO₂

Carboxide is composed of:

a. 10% ethylene oxide + 90% CO₂
b. 50% ethylene oxide + 50% CO₂
c. 90% ethylene oxide + 10% CO₂
d. 10% ethylene oxide + 90% N₂

c. Formaldehyde

Also known as Methanal (HCHO).

a. Glutaraldehyde
b. Paraformaldehyde
c. Formaldehyde
d. Acetaldehyde

c. Formaldehyde

MOA: Direct and non-specific alkylation of nucleophilic functional groups of proteins.

a. Glutaraldehyde
b. Ethylene oxide
c. Formaldehyde
d. Isopropyl alcohol

c. Formaldehyde

Contains NLT 37% of Formaldehyde + Methanol (to retard polymerization to formic acid and paraformaldehyde).

a. Glutaraldehyde
b. Ethylene oxide
c. Formaldehyde
d. Isopropyl alcohol

b. Formic acid and paraformaldehyde

Methanol is added to formaldehyde to retard polymerization to which compounds?

a. Acetic acid and paraformaldehyde
b. Formic acid and paraformaldehyde
c. Formic acid and glutaraldehyde
d. Acetic acid and glutaraldehyde

d. Formaldehyde

Used as embalming fluid and disinfectant.

a. Ethyl alcohol
b. Isopropyl alcohol
c. Ethylene oxide
d. Formaldehyde

b. Glutaraldehyde

Also known as Glutarol

a. Formaldehyde
b. Glutaraldehyde
c. Ethylene oxide
d. Chlorhexidine

b. Glutaraldehyde

Cidex®

a. Formaldehyde
b. Glutaraldehyde
c. Ethylene oxide
d. Chlorhexidine

c. Glutaraldehyde

Sterilizing solution for equipment and instruments that cannot be autoclaved.

a. Isopropyl alcohol
b. Formaldehyde
c. Glutaraldehyde
d. Hydrogen peroxide

c. Glutaraldehyde

Used in medical missions in remote areas as a sterilizing solution.

a. Ethylene oxide
b. Formalin
c. Glutaraldehyde
d. Carboxide

a. Alcohol, USP

a. Alcohol, USP

b. Isopropyl Alcohol

c. Ethylene Alcohol / Ether

d. Formaldehyde

c. Glutaraldehyde

b. Isopropyl Alcohol

a. Alcohol, USP

b. Isopropyl Alcohol

c. Ethylene Alcohol / Ether

d. Formaldehyde

c. Glutaraldehyde

c. Ethylene Alcohol / Ether

a. Alcohol, USP

b. Isopropyl Alcohol

c. Ethylene Alcohol / Ether

d. Formaldehyde

c. Glutaraldehyde

d. Formaldehyde

a. Alcohol, USP

b. Isopropyl Alcohol

c. Ethylene Alcohol / Ether

d. Formaldehyde

c. Glutaraldehyde

c. Glutaraldehyde

a. Alcohol, USP

b. Isopropyl Alcohol

c. Ethylene Alcohol / Ether

d. Formaldehyde

c. Glutaraldehyde