WEEK_3

What are the two key points regarding moral judgments discussed in the lecture?

Moral judgments must be backed by good reasons, and morality requires impartial consideration of each individual’s interests.

Why should we not rely solely on our feelings in moral reasoning?

Feelings can be irrational and may arise from prejudices, selfishness, or cultural conditioning.

What is the requirement of impartiality in moral reasoning?

To treat everyone alike without giving special treatment; discrimination occurs when there is no good reason to treat people differently.

What does the minimum conception of morality entail?

It involves doing what there are the best reasons for doing while considering the interests of each individual affected by one’s actions.

What do cultural relativists argue about moral codes?

They claim there are no universal moral truths; customs of different societies are all that exist and cannot be judged by an objective standard.

What does the Cultural Differences Argument suggest about moral codes across cultures?

It argues that because different societies have different moral codes, there is no objective truth in morality; right and wrong are opinions that vary by culture.

Why is the argument for moral relativism considered unsound?

The conclusion doesn't necessarily follow from the premise; disagreement among cultures does not imply the absence of an objective truth.

What basic moral rules are found in all cultures?

Prohibitions against lying and murder, as these rules are necessary for society to function.

What is a common value shared by all cultures regarding communication?

Every society must value truthfulness to facilitate communication; without it, social interaction would break down.

How do cultural beliefs differ from objective moral truths?

A society's moral code may reflect its beliefs but can also be wrong; societies often revise their beliefs when faced with injustices.