Inhalation Drug Delivery (Varner Kahoots)

extrathoracic

Which region contains that oral-pharyngeal cavity, larynx, and tracheal entrance?

tracheobronchial

Which region contains the trachea, bronchi, and bronchiole terminals?

alveolar

Which region contains the bronchioles, alveoli, and alveolar ducts?

conduction

Which region of the airways is 60 um thick epithelium and is generations 0-16?

respiratory

Which region is 0.2 um thick alveolar epithelium and is generations 17-23?

mucus

What protects the epithelium from becoming dehydrated and promotes the saturation of inhaled air?

alveolar macrophage

What are migrating mononuclear cells present in the interstitial and luminal surface of the alveoli?

phagocytize

Alveolar macrophages ____________ foreign material, particles, or microorganisms in the alveoli.

velocity

The aerodynamic diameter is proportional to the _______ of the particle within the respiratory tract.

MMAD

The aerodynamic diameter is expressed in terms of _____________.

particle size

One important property of an inhaled aerosol bc it strongly affects the probability and location of deposition

hydrophilic

When a __________ particle is inhaled the absorbed layer of moisture results in the dissolution and increases particle size

lipophilic

When a ____________ particle is inhaled the absorbed layer of moisture is negligible and therefore doesn't affect particle size.

MMAD < 1 um

What particles are deposited in deeper alveolar regions through Brownian?

MMAD > 5 um

What particles are deposited in the upper respiratory tract via impaction?

MMAD 1-5 um

What particles are deposited in the bronchiolar region via sedimentation?

MMAD < 0.5 um

What particles are primarily exhaled?

impaction

Particles MMAD > 5 um are deposited in the upper respiratory tract via:

brownian diffusion

Particles MMAD < 1 um are deposited in deeper alveolar regions through:

sedimentation

Particles MMAD 1-5 um are deposited in the bronchiolar region via:

exhaled

Particles MMAD < 0.5 um are primarily:

passive

Lipophilic compounds may be transported across the epithelium by _______ transcytosis (diffusion).

paracellular

Hydrophilic compounds are taken up by pathways such as ___________ transport through the epithelia and by endocytosis.

absorption

the pulmonary residence time is driven by the rate of drug dissolution and permeation and ____________ across membranes.

deposition

The pulmonary __________ is dependent on the MMAD distribution, velocity of particles/droplets, particle density, and patie.

aerosol

what is a stable dispersion or suspension of solid material or liquid droplets in a gaseous medium?

larger

What size particles are deposited in the airways by gravitational sedimentation and inertial impactoin?

smaller

What size particles are deposited in the airways by diffusion?

True

The humid environment within the lungs affect the deposition of particles. T or F

true

The mucus within the lungs helps protect the epithelium from being dehydrated. T or F

false

The short duration of action is caused by the slow clearance or metabolism of the drug. T or F

formulation

What component of a MDI contains the API and propellant?

propellant

What serves as the medium where the API can be either solubilized or dispersed in a MDI?

surfactant

What can be incorporated into a liquid propellant of an MDI which will absorb to the dispersed particles?

aluminum

What are the MDI containers typically made up of?

glass

this type of MDI container can be used as they do not require an inner wall coating for the container

metering valve

what controls the volume of product dispensed from the MDI during the actuation process?

spacer

What can be used with an MDI to help minimize oropharyngeal deposition by retaining larger paticles?

DPI

What type of inhalers require NO propellant?

MDI

Which inhaler has a special quality requirement of valve delivery?

DPI

Which inhaler has a special quality requirement of uniformity of dosage units?

MDI

What inhaler has a special quality requirement of spray pattern?

MDI

Which inhaler has a special quality requirement of alcohol/antioxidants/preservatives content?

Breath

An advantage of DPI is you do not need to hold your _______ after.

lactose

What can be added to DPI to improve flow properties and act as a carrier of the API?

Stability

DPI's often have a good formulation __________ compared to MDI due to only using powders.

moisture

What can the powders in DPI gain from the environment that would increase particle size or MADD?

jet milling

Which is a technique for preparing dry powders is preferred by pharma industries and decrease particle size with air?

spray drying

Which technique for preparing dry powders sprays a liquid/suspension like a mist through a nozzle into a drying chamber?

spray freeze drying

Which technique for preparing dry powders sprays nano/micro-suspension into a bed of liquid N2 with the use of a gas?

thermolabile

Jet milling is often used for drugs that are ________ or meltable materials.

true

Jet milling often produces particles with poor flow properties and irregular shapes. T or F

lower

Solvents with __________ boiling points are easily evaporated and leave smaller size particles with increased yields.

slow

What type of feed rates results in smaller particle sizes with less moisture content and enhanced flow properties?

higher

When particles are dried at a lower inlet temp, particles will generally have a __________ water content but a smoother surface.

stirring

to prevent the formation of agglomerates, the liquid nitrogen is under constant _________

carbon dioxide

What is the compressed air used in supercritical fluid drying technique used to prepare dry powders?

cascade impacter

What device is used to relate the particle deposition to the respiratory system?

nebulization

What involves the energy to a solution of an API and results in the formation of droplets that then inhaled?

portable ultrasonic

What type of nebulizer uses ultrasonic waves and has a smaller portable design?

portable mesh

What type of neb forces liquid through multiple apertures in a very fine mesh screen to produce small particles?

desktop jet

What type of nebulizer uses compressed air and needs to be plugged into a power source?

true

Bioavailability of metered dose inhalers is on the lower end, dry powder inhalers on the higher end. T or F

true

Shaking of an MDI is needed to resuspend and uniformly disperse of the drug particles or droplets. T or F

true

Actuation, the formulation (API and propellant) is released from the MDI. T or F