Bone Structure, Function, and Articulations Flashcards

Flashcards for Chapter 7 and 9 review

What are the main functions of bone?

Support and protection of organs, movement, blood cell production, mineral storage, and fat storage

What are the four types of bones?

Long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones

What are the main regions of a long bone?

Medullary cavity, epiphysis, diaphysis, and metaphysis

What is compact bone?

Dense, strong outer layer of bone containing osteons

What is spongy bone?

Porous inner bone containing trabeculae filled with red bone marrow

What are the types of lamellae found in compact bone?

Concentric, circumferential, and interstitial lamellae

What are the main types of bone cells?

Osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts

What are the main types of cartilage cells?

Chondroblasts and chondrocytes

What is interstitial growth?

Cartilage growth from within by chondrocyte division

What is appositional growth?

Growth at the outer surface by adding new layers

What is intramembranous ossification?

Ossification within thickened mesenchyme; forms flat bones

What is endochondral ossification?

Hyaline cartilage model replaced by bone; forms long bones

What are the hormones involved in blood calcium regulation?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitriol (vitamin D3), and calcitonin

What are the different types of fractures?

Stress, pathologic, simple, and compound fractures

What are the steps in bone repair?

Fracture hematoma, fibrocartilaginous callus, hard callus, bone remodeling

What are the structural classifications of joints?

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints

What are the functional classifications of joints?

Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses

What are the key components of a synovial joint?

Articular capsule, synovial fluid, and articular cartilage

What are the main types of joint movements?

Gliding, angular motions, rotational motions, and special movements

What are examples of angular motions?

Flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral flexion, abduction, adduction, and circumduction

What are examples of rotational motions?

Rotation, medial rotation, lateral rotation, pronation, and supination

What are examples of special movements?

Elevation, depression, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion, protraction, retraction, opposition, and reposition

What are the different types of joints based on shape and movement?

Plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints

What are some examples of named joints?

Glenohumeral (shoulder), elbow, knee, hip, and TMJ

What are the common types of arthritis?

Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout