Energy Storage: Fat

These flashcards cover key concepts related to energy storage in the form of fat, focusing on the biochemical processes, essential fatty acids, synthesis pathways, and associated physiological roles.

What is the main aim of studying energy storage in relation to fat?

To understand how excessive calorific intake leads to fat deposition in adipose tissue, resulting in weight gain.

What role does the citrate shuttle play in fatty acid synthesis?

The citrate shuttle transports acetyl CoA from the mitochondria to the cytosol for fatty acid biosynthesis.

What is the basic building block of fatty acid synthesis?

Acetyl CoA, which is derived from glucose, fructose, or amino acids.

What stimulates the rate-limiting enzyme acetyl CoA carboxylase in fatty acid synthesis?

High levels of insulin and citrate stimulate acetyl CoA carboxylase, while palmitate inhibits it.

What are eicosanoids, and from where are they produced?

Eicosanoids are signaling molecules produced from essential fatty acids that cannot be synthesized in the body.

Name the two essential fatty acids for humans.

Alpha linolenic acid (ALA, omega 3) and Linoleic acid (LA, omega 6).

What can lead to essential fatty acid deficiency?

Stress, trauma, sepsis, long-term parenteral nutrition, cystic fibrosis, multiple sclerosis, anorexia nervosa, and AIDS.

What is the main function of fatty acid synthase?

To catalyze the formation of palmitate (C16:0) from acetyl CoA and malonyl CoA through a series of reactions.

How does a very high carbohydrate diet impact fatty acid synthesis?

It can increase the rate of fatty acid synthesis.

What are the physiological roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

They are involved in maintaining membrane fluidity, neurodevelopment, and serve as precursors for various bioactive lipids.