the1st defensive barriers are
mechanical- skin
physical response- cough / sneeze
chemical- body secretions
the 2nd line of defense barriers are
physiologic- inflammation
protective proteins
natural killer cells
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the1st defensive barriers are
mechanical- skin
physical response- cough / sneeze
chemical- body secretions
the 2nd line of defense barriers are
physiologic- inflammation
protective proteins
natural killer cells
describe specific immunity
individual antigens
specific antibody
the lymphocytes that are found specific immunity are
t cells- mature in thymus
b cells- bone marrow maturation
the 3 types of t cells are
t helper
cytotoxic
t memory
the cell mediated altered cells are
intracellular organisms
cancer
fungal
not self
the mechanisms for cell mediated altered cells are
direct destruction
lymphokines
interleukins
describe the humoral immunity antibody production
IgG- highest
IgA- external secretions
IgM- parasites
IgD- some animals
briefly describe natural active long term acquired immunity
antigen exposure
memory cells
protection
artificial long term immunity is
vaccination
attenuated antigen
memory cells
briefly describe primary immune response
initial antigen exposure
lymphocytes recognize
antigen destroyed
plasma cells die
memory cells remain
vaccines and boosters have which kind of response
first degree and second degree
the specific modified agents are
virus
bacteria - killed
toxoid- inactivated toxin
subunit- parts of microorganism
what is a killed vaccine type
microorganism
whole
parts
by products
adjuvant
= potentiate response
the advantages to killed vaccines are
cannot revert
no disease
stable
the disadvantages to killed vaccines are
multiple doses
adjuvant reaction
live vaccine types are most common in
chicken- infectious bronchitis
ovine- contagious ecthyma
bovine- brucellosis
the advantages of live vaccines are
fewer doses
no adjuvants
longer lasting
type 1 recombinant vaccines are
pathogen antigen gene
antigen product
type 2 recombinant vaccines are
gene deleted
non pathogenic
immunity produced
type 3 recombinant vaccines are
vectored vaccine
pathogen gene inserted
the advantages to recombinant vaccines are
few side effects
effective
the disadvantage to recombinant vaccines are
few vaccines
high cost
what is a polynucleotide vaccine
antigen producing DNA inserted into plasmids
what is antitoxin
toxin antibodies
hyperimmune donor
passive immunity
antiserum is
microorganism antibodies
passive immunity-
short lived
immediate
what is a autogenous vaccine
virus isolation
the local reactions to vaccines are
mild disease
transient- pain
sustained- granuloma
hair loss
discoloration
the systemic transient reactions to vaccines are
lethargy
fever
lymph node enlargement
vomiting / diarrhea
type 1 hypersensitivity is
hives
collapse
acute diarrhea
type 2 hypersensitivity is
AIHA
IMTP
type 3 hypersensitivity
immune mediated diseases
type 4 hypersensitivity
post vaccine granuloma
the patient considerations when giving vaccines are
age
illness
concurrent medications
pregnant
patient environment
core vaccines are those that
all individuals in the species need
zoonotic
the causes of vaccine failure are
improper storage
concurrent medications
reused syringes
route of administration
passive immunity