Korean Grammar/Knowledge Cards

ㅂ니다 / 습니다

Formal declarative markers (shows politeness and respect)

Formal Declarative Markers:

If the adjective/verb stem ends in a vowel, it will be combined with?

ㅂ니다

이다 (to be) —> 이 + ㅂ니다 = 입니다

Formal Declarative Markers:

If the adjective/verb stem ends with a consonant, add what to the stem?

습니다

먹다 (to eat) —> 먹 + 습니다 = 먹습니다

Korean Sentence Structure

Subject-Object-Verb

이 (demonstrative are used before noun)

This

그 (demonstrative used before noun)

That

저 (demonstrative used before noun)

That over there

것

Thing (possessive noun)

이것

This (thing)

그것

That (thing)

저것

That (thing) over there

의

Possessive particle and follows the possessor’s noun or pronoun

“저의” abbreviated form?

제 (my)

A윽/극 B이/가 아닙니다

이/가 are used to indicate what the subject of an action (verb) is

아닙니다 is the negation of to be

아니다

To be not (negation)

이니다

To be

ㅂ니까

Interrogative sentence ending

A윽/극 B입니까?

Is A B?

입니까?

Interrogative form of to be (입니다)

네/아닙니다

Yes: 네,…입니다

No: 아닙니다,…아닙니다

Subject Omission

The subject can be omitted if it is clearly known to the speaker and the listener. Especially, in casual conversations, the grammatical subjects “you” and “I” are often left out.

여기

Here (place adverb)

거기

There (place adverb)

저기

Over there (place adverb)

어디

Where?

Color Nouns + Nouns

The color nouns can modify nouns directly (red apple)

Subject + Location + 에 + 있습니다

The subject is at…(location)

에

Location marking particle (follows location noun)

있다

To be situated/to be existing

Subject + Location + 에 + 없습니다

The subject is NOT at…(location)

없다

Infinite verb for to not exist (location)

Subject + Location + 에 있습니까?

Is the subject at…(location)?

있습니까

Interrogative form of to be located at/in

A + 이/가 + 어디에 + 있습니까?

Where is A?

A이/가 + Location + 에 + 있습니다/없습니다

A is/isn’t (in relation to) a place