EA Flashcards: Networking and Data Management Concepts

IPv6

IPv4 address exhaustion; IPv6 offers vastly more addresses (128-bit).

Application protocols above TCP

HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SMTP.

'Best effort delivery' in IP

No guarantee of delivery, order, or duplication protection.

Subnet masks usage by routers

To determine which part of an IP address is the network vs. host.

Example of phishing

A fake email from a 'bank' asking you to verify account info.

Example of stream processing in industry

Real-time fraud detection in banking.

Data lake vs. data warehouse

Lakes store raw, broad data; warehouses provide cleaned, queryable data.

Fact table in a data warehouse

Contains measurable, quantitative data (e.g., sales numbers).

Dimension table

Provides context to facts (e.g., time, location, product).

ETL

Extract, Transform, Load - for preparing and moving data into a warehouse.

AWS shared responsibility model

AWS secures the cloud infrastructure; customers secure what they build.

NAT Gateway in AWS

Allows instances in private subnets to access the internet.

Scaling up vs. scaling out

Up = adding power to one machine; Out = adding more machines.

Microservices

Small, independent services that work together to form an application.

DevSecOps

Integrating security early and throughout the DevOps lifecycle.

Evaluating Wi-Fi support in devices

Ensure it supports the latest 802.11 standards compatible with your router for optimal speed and reliability.

Signal jitter

Variation in packet arrival times; it can disrupt real-time services like VoIP.

Encryption protecting web traffic

It encodes data so that only intended recipients can read it, protecting confidentiality.

Risk of third-party cookies

They enable tracking of users across multiple unrelated sites.

Digital certificate in HTTPS

It verifies the identity of the server, enabling encrypted communication.

Public key in asymmetric encryption

It encrypts messages that only the private key can decrypt.

Stream processing vs. batch processing

Monitoring live financial transactions for fraud.

MapReduce and fault tolerance

Tasks are rerun on different nodes if a failure occurs.

Data lakes vs. data warehouses structure

Lakes store raw, unstructured data; warehouses store cleaned, structured data.

OLAP system usage

Performing complex queries and analysis across large volumes of historical data.

Security groups vs. NACLs in AWS

Security groups act at the instance level, NACLs at the subnet level.

IAM's role in AWS

To define who can access what in the AWS environment.

EC2 Autoscaling

It adds or removes instances based on current demand.

Serverless architecture for startups

It scales automatically and reduces operational overhead.

CIDR's advantage over traditional IP classes

It allows flexible and efficient allocation of IP address blocks.