module 1 properties of structures of matter

what is particle theory

what is particle theory

all matter is made of continuously moving particles that are held together by forces which vary in strength

what causes a change in state

gaining or losing energy in the particles

what is an element (3)

1. made of only one type of atom

2. a pure substance that cannot be broken down

3. homogenous

what is a compound (4)

1. two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio by mass

2. different properties compared to its individual elements

3. pure substance that can be decomposed into simpler substances

4. homogenous with definite melting and boiling points

what is a mixture (4)

1. two or more elements in any proportion

2. components keep their own properties

3. impure substance that can be homogenous or heterogenous (even/uneven spread)

4. can be physically separated

what are the separating techniques for solids (3)

1. sieving

2. sedimentation

3. magnetic attraction

what are the separation techniques for solids and liquids (2)

1. filtration

2. centrigugation

what are the separation techniques for dissolved solids and liquids (3)

1. evaporation

2. crystallisation

3. distillation

what are the separation techniques for liquids (2)

1. fractional distillation

2. separating funnel

what is the separation technique for gases (1)

1. fractional distillation

what is sieving

separating particles of different sizes

what is sedimentation

separating insoluble solids in liquids

what is magnetic attraction

separating metals from other metals

what is filtration

separating liquid (filtrate) from solids (residue)

what is centrifugation

separating small amounts of solids in suspension through a spinning motion from liquids

what is evaporation

separating solids from liquid through heating

what is distillation

separating soluble materials from liquids based off boiling point

what is a separating funnel separation

separating liquids based on their density

what is percentage composition

the percentage by mass of each different element present in a compound

what is an inorganic compound

compounds based on elements other than carbon

what is an organic compound

compounds based on carbon

how do you name an inorganic compound (2)

1. compounds of two elements usually end in -ide, metal name comes first

2. compounds of two non-metals usually have prefixes, name the most metallic first

what are the metallic character trends in the periodic table

decreases across a period and up a group

what are the reactivity trends in the periodic table

decreases across a period

increases down a groups

what are solids physical properties

1. malleability

2. ductility

3. brittle

4. hardness

5. electrical conductivity

6. resistance

what is malleability

ability to be shaped without breaking

what is ductility

ability to be drawn into a wire without breaking

what is a metal (1-8)

1. high electrical conductivity

2. high thermal conductivity

3. shiny

4. solids (except mercury)

5. malleable

6. ductile

7. high melting points

8. high density

what is a non-metal (1-7)

1. poor electrical conductivity

2. good heat insulator

3. dull

4. brittle

5. nonductile

6. variable melting points

7. low density