module 1 properties of structures of matter

what is ==particle theory==

all matter is made of ==continuously moving== particles that are held together by ==forces== which vary in strength

what causes a ==change in state==

==gaining== or ==losing energy== in the particles

what is an ==element== (3)

1. made of ==only one== type of atom
2. a ==pure== substance that __**cannot be broken down**__
3. ==homogenous==

what is a ==compound== (4)

1. ==two== or ==more elements== __chemically__ combined in a __***fixed ratio by mass***__
2. __different__ properties compared to its individual elements
3. ==pure== substance that __**can be decomposed**__ into simpler substances
4. ==homogenous== with definite melting and boiling points

what is a ==mixture== (4)

1. ==two== or ==more elements== in __***any proportion***__
2. components __keep__ their own __properties__
3. ==impure== substance that can be ==homogenous== or ==heterogenous== (even/uneven spread)
4. can be **physically separated**

what are the ==separating== techniques for ==solids== (3)

1. sieving
2. sedimentation
3. magnetic attraction

what are the ==separation== techniques for ==solids and liquids== (2)

1. filtration
2. centrigugation

what are the ==separation== techniques for ==__**dissolved**__ solids and liquids== (3)

1. evaporation
2. crystallisation
3. distillation

what are the ==separation== techniques for ==liquids== (2)

1. fractional distillation
2. separating funnel

what is the separation technique for ==gases== (1)

1. fractional distillation

==what is sieving==

separating particles of ==different sizes==

what is ==sedimentation==

separating ==insoluble solids== in ==liquids==

what is ==magnetic attraction==

separating ==metals== from other ==metals==

what is ==filtration==

separating ==liquid (filtrate)== from ==solids (residue)==

what is ==centrifugation==

separating small amounts of ==solids== in suspension through a spinning motion from ==liquids==

what is ==evaporation==

separating ==solids== ==from liquid== through ==heating==

what is ==distillation==

separating ==soluble materials== from ==liquids== based off ==boiling point==

what is a ==separating funnel== separation

separating ==liquids== based on their ==density==

what is ==percentage composition==

the ==percentage by mass== of each different ==element== present in a ==compound==

what is an ==inorganic== compound

compounds based on elements ==other than carbon==

what is an ==organic== compound

compounds based on ==carbon==

how do you name an ==inorganic compound== (2)

1. compounds of **two elements** usually end in -==ide==, ==metal== name comes ==first==
2. compounds of **two non-metals** usually have prefixes, name the most ==metallic first==

what are the ==metallic== character trends in the ==periodic table==

==__**decreases**__== across a ==period== and up a ==group==

what are the ==reactivity== trends in the ==periodic table==

==__**decreases**__== across a ==__**period**__==

==__**increases**__== down a ==groups==

what are ==solids== physical properties

1. malleability
2. ductility
3. brittle
4. hardness
5. electrical conductivity
6. resistance

what is ==malleability==

ability to be ==shaped== without breaking

what is ==ductility==

ability to be ==drawn into a wire== without breaking

what is a ==metal== (1-8)

1. high electrical conductivity
2. high thermal conductivity
3. shiny
4. solids (except mercury)
5. malleable
6. ductile
7. high melting points
8. high density

what is a ==non-metal== (1-7)

1. poor electrical conductivity
2. good heat insulator
3. dull
4. brittle
5. nonductile
6. variable melting points
7. low density