Philippine Literary History

Comprehensive practice questions covering the historical timeline, key movements, influential authors, and literary forms of Philippine Literature from the Pre-colonial era to the 21st Century.

What is the ancient Philippine alphabet that existed before Spanish colonization?

Baybayin

Why did Spanish friars burn the early Philippine literary records?

They believed the works were of the devil or they were written on perishable materials like tree barks and bamboo cylinders.

How are Folk Tales defined in Pre-Spanish literature?

Stories about life, adventure, love, horror, and humor from which lessons about life can be derived.

What are Epics in the context of Pre-Spanish literature?

Long narrative poems dealing with a series of heroic achievements or events, usually of a hero, such as Biag-ni-Lam-ang.

What is a characteristic syllable count for many early Philippine Folk Songs?

$12$ syllables.

Who were the 'ilustrados' during the Period of Enlightenment ($1872-1898$)?

Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe who began to write about the problems of colonization.

Which movement was spearheaded by the intellectual middle-class between $1872$ and $1896$?

The Propaganda Movement

Name three major writings by Jose Rizal mentioned in the text.

Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo, and Mi Ultimo Adios.

What are Marcelo del Pilar's notable writings mentioned in the notes?

Pagibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Love of Country), Kaingat Kayo (Be Careful), and Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and Jokes).

What was the main linguistic influence of the American Regime ($1898-1944$) on Filipino writers?

They were influenced to write using the English language.

Who became famous for free verse during the American Regime?

Jose Garcia Villa

What happened to Philippine literature in English during the Japanese Period ($1941-1945$)?

It came to a halt, with almost all English newspapers stopped except for the Tribune and the Philippine Review.

Describe the structure of a Haiku as Liked by the Japanese.

A poem of free verse made up of $17$ syllables divided into three lines.

What is a Tanaga?

A short Filipino poem with four lines, each containing $7$ syllables, with the same rhyme at the end of each line.

What common themes were found in Tagalog literature during the Japanese occupation?

Japanese brutalities, the poverty of life, and brave guerilla exploits.

What word was famously painted on placards in red during the Period of Activism ($1970-1972$)?

MAKIBAKA (To dare!)

When did the Period of the New Society start?

September $21$, $1972$

What award continued to be given annually during the Period of the New Society?

The Carlos Palanca Awards

When was Martial Rule finally lifted, marking the start of the Third Republic?

January $2$, $1981$

What were the themes of Filipino songs during the Third Republic?

True-to-life themes like grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom, and love of God, country, and fellowmen.

Identify three 'crony newspapers' that saw increased circulation after the Post-EDSA 1 Revolution ($1986$).

THE INQUIRER, MALAYA, and the PEOPLE'S JOURNAL.

What is a primary demand for learners in the $21$st Century Period of literature?

To be ICT inclined to compete with modern styles and formats of writing.

In the folk tale 'The Sun and the Moon,' why does the sun chase the moon?

The sun is angry because the moon hid her own star children instead of killing them as they had agreed.

According to the folk tale, what natural phenomenon occurs when the sun overtakes the moon?

An eclipse

Who is the author of the poem 'Gabu'?

Carlos A. Angeles