Global Perspectives Chapter 1

Geography

the study of physical features of the Earth and atmosphere and how human activity affects it ( resources, population, land use)

Political Map

gives basic shape of the land (no cities)

Physical Map

shows mountains and depths

Climate Map

shows temp

GDP map

shows the economic states of countries around the world

Maps

give context, shapes and sizes, location, physical features, can show distance

Longitude (prime Meridiaan)

Vertically measures north and south

Latitiude (Equator)

Horizontal line meaures east to west

PRIMaL

place, region, interaction, movement, location

Place

Physical and HUman characteristics, define a place

Regions

Groups of Places with one common characteristic, common element could be human or physical characteristic (CVG airport, ohio river)

Formal Region, Functional Regions, Perceptual Regions

Formal: USSR Functional: CVG and Perceptual: the midwest

Interaction

Intentional and accidental changes, how poeple use their enviroment

Location

To study a place you needs its location,Absoulte and Relitive

Absolute and relative location

Absolute is exact (cooridnates) and relative is approximate

Movement

The idea that places do not remain in isolation, people, goods, ideas move around

culutre and immigration

Weather

is the state of an atmospere at a place and time regards to heat, wind, etc.

Climate

average wether in one place

Green house affect

When Earths atmostphere is compared to gladd walls and roof. All places in Earth have diiferent amounts of heat and light

Ecosystem

Is formed by the interaction of plant life, animal life, and the physical enviroment they live in.

Deciduous

A tree shedding its leaves annually

Coniferous

A group of cone-bearing seed plants

Chaparral

A group that includes small evergreen and bushes

Praireires

Grassland in North america “Tall grass”

Tundra

Where tempreture are always cold

Permaforst

A layer of soil just below the surface, stays permentaly frozen

Tropical rainforest

near equator, warm temo, trees form canopys

mid latitude forest

plants shed once a year, temprete climate, rainfall

tropical grasslands

Grow in warm land near equato dry and wet (forest fires)

Tundras

alwats cold, specialized plants can live

Demographics

study of populatoin

equation for average finding number of poeple that live in an area

square mile/population density

(or Arable square mile/ population density)

Population growth

Climate, technolgy, events, immigtion

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not: emmigration, bad food sercruity

Zero population growth

Equilibrium: birth rates, immigration= death rates, emmigration

Cultural diffusion

when you bring culture and blend it in with another

cultural assimilation

adopting a whole another culture

Rural

countryside

urbanization

making a place more city like

Cultrual Hearth

refers to a place of origin for a particular culture where a certain method of living thrives and then disseminates, as it is popular enough to be picked up by large amounts of people.

What establishes a country

4 things::

* defined teritory
* population
* soverignity
* a government

Government structure

realtionship bewteen central government and their smaller units of government

Unitary System

All the power is in a central government (China, UK)

Federation

***A form of government in which power is held partly by a central authority and partly by a number of regional or state governments***.

Confederation

When a group of people or nations form an alliance, it is called a confederation, allowing each member to govern itself but agreeing to work together for common causes (Soviet Union)

Authoritarian/ Dictatorship

a form of government in which one small party or a single person holds all the power, Mussionli and Hitler

Totalitarianism

System of terror, using such instruments as violence and secret police. Benito Mussolini in 22-43

Democracy

a state governed by a democracy.

Traditional Economy

fend for yourself

market

Private buissness all means of production

command

government owns all means of production

Mixed

Features of all 3 (combines private ans public)

Non-renewable

would take millions of years to replesnish (oils, fossil fuels)

renewable

can be replenished (soil)

Natural resource

Materials in the natrual enviroment that people value or use to satisfiy their needs

Nuclear enegery

\-splitting of atoms (Chernobyl)

Waterpower

first form of energy, uses wheel

Geothermal

takes water from below the surface using its heat and turns it into energy, and puts it back under the surface to restart the process

Solar

heat from the sun, clenaest energy

Primary activities

rely directly on natural rescources, fishing, foresty, mining, farming

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**TAKES FROM THE EARTH**

Secondary activities

* using raw materials to produce **MANUFACTURE**

Teritarty

**SERVICE**

Quaternary

**RESEARCH**

Substance farming

only feeding certin people (in villiage)

Commercial farming

over produce to provide for many

exports vs imports

ex= go out im= taking in

goal of trading

export more then import

GDP

**Gross demoestic product**, total values of goods and services produced in a year divded by the total population