psych exam 1

definition of mental health

state of well-being in which individuals reach their own potential, cope with normal stresses of life, work productively, and contribute to the community

traits of mental health

rational thinking, communication skills, learning, emotional growth, resilience, self-esteem

________ is a psychiatric disorder with a definable diagnosis; significant dysfunction in mental functioning related to developmental, biological, and physiological disturbances

mental illness

what is the middle ground of mental health vs mental illness on the continuum

stress and discomfort from everyday life

what is on the far left of the mental health and illness continuum

occasional stress to mild distress; no impairment; well being

what is on the far right of the mental health vs illness continuum

marked distress and disabling impairment; mental illness

what is on the KINDA right on the mental health vs illness continuum

mild to moderate distress and temporary impairment; emotional problems

what is resilience

ability to secure resources needed to support well being

what are the 3 risk/protective factors categories for mental health

individual attributes, socal/economic, environmental

what is mental health characterized by

resilience, capacity to regulate emotions, and overcoming negative thoughts

what is essential to recovery

resilience

what is part of the resilience coping scale

create ways to alter situations, controlling reactions, growing through difficulties, and replacing losses

what is a self stigma

internalizing negative sterotypes

what does diathesis mean in the diathesis-stress model

biological predisposition

what does stress meal in the diathesis-stress model

stress or trauma

what does the diathesis-stress model assert

most disorders result from a combination of genes and negative environmental stressors

what is the root of most mental disorders

intercellular abnormalities

what is the single most important goal of mental illness

recovery

definition of recovery from mental illness

process of change through which individuals improve their health and wellness, live a self-directed life, and strive to reach their full potential

what are the barriers to recovery

poverty, homelessness, stigma, and lack of services

what kind of questions do you use to see verbal and non-verbal responses

open ended

what kind of questions do you use to get specific information

close ended

why should you summarize what the patient says back to them

so they can correct the nurse’s interpretation

what are all the things you assess during the mental status exam

general observations, orientation, mood, affect, thought processes, cognition, speech, attention, abstract/concrete thinking, memory, insight, judgement

what is the seventh step of the nursing process

documentation

what personality theory did Freud make

psychoanalytic

what are the 3 parts of Freud’s levels of awareness

conscious, preconscious, and unconscious

________ contains all the material a person is aware of at any one time

conscious

________ contains material that can be retrieved rather easily through the conscious

preconscious

__________ includes all repressed memories, passions, and unacceptable urges lying deep below the surface

unconscious

what are the 3 parts of Freud’s personality structure

Id, Ego, and Superego

what is the Id part of the personality

innate desires, pleasure seeking, aggression, sexual impulse

what is the Ego part of Freud’s personality structure

problem solver, reality tester, mature and adaptive behavior

what is the superego part of Freud’s personality structure

moral, ethical, values, parental, “good” voice

what does Freud believe about personality dynamics

unconscious needs and wishes may show up in the conscious through dreams, jokes, slips of the tongue, anxiety, and ego defense mechanisms

what are the 5 categories of Freud’s psychosexual stages of development

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

age of Freud’s oral stage

0-1

what is Freud’s oral stage

mouth (sucking, biting, chewing)

conflict of Freud’s oral stage

weaning

tasks of Freud’s oral stage

mastery of gratification of oral needs, beginning of ego development (4-5 months)

outcomes of Freud’s oral stage

development of trust, with realization that needs can be met

what traits are shown if fixation occurs at Freud’s oral stage

passivity, gullibility, dependance, sarcasm, and oral habits (smoking, nail biting)

what age is Freud’s anal stage

1-3

what is Freud’s anal stage

anal region (expulsion and retention of feces)

conflict of Freud’s anal stage

toilet training

tasks of Freud’s anal stage

begin development of sense of control over instinctual desire, ability to delay immediate gratification to gain a future goal

outcomes of Freud’s anal stage

control over impulses

what traits are shown if fixation occurs at Freud’s anal stage

anal retentiveness (stinginess, rigid thought patterns, OCD) or anal-expulsive character (messy, destructive, cruel)

what age is Freud’s phallic stage

3-6

what is Freud’s phallic stage

genitals (masturbation)

conflict of Freud’s phallic stage

Oedipus and Electra

what is Oedipus and Electra

child's unconscious sexual desire for the opposite sex parent and rivalry with the same sex parent

task of Freud’s phallic stage

sexual identity with parent of the same sex; begin superego development

outcomes of Freud’s phallic stage

identification with the parent of the same sex

what traits are shown if fixation occurs at Freud’s phallic stage

reckless, self-assured, narcissist

what happens if the phallic stage is not resolved

inability to love and difficulties with sexual identity

what age is Freud’s latency stage

6-12

task of Freud’s latency stage

growth of ego functions (social, intellectual, and mechanical), ability to care and relate to others outside of the home

outcomes of Freud’s latency stage

skills needed to cope with the environment

what traits show if fixation occurs at Freud’s latency stage

difficulty identifying with others and social skills, leading to feelings of inadequacy and inferiority

what age is Freud’s genital stage

12+

what is Freud’s genital stage

genitals (sexual intercourse)

task of Freud’s genital stage

satisfying sexual and emotional relationships, emancipation from parents, planning of life goals, and development of sense of personal identity

outcome of Freud’s genital stage

ability for creativity and finding pleasure in love and work

what traits show if fixation occurs at Freud’s genital stage

may derail emotional and financial independence, impairs personal identity and future goals, and satisfying intimate relationships

what level of awareness do defense mechanisms operate on

unconscious

why do defense mechanisms occur

to ward off anxiety by preventing conscious awareness of threatening feelings

________ is the defense mechanism of overachievement in one area to offset the real/perceived deficiency in another

compensation

________ is the defense mechanism of expression of an emotional conflict through the development of a physical symptom (paralysis or pseudoseizures)

conversion

________ is the defense mechanism of failure to acknowledge an unbearable condition or admit reality of a situation

denial

________ is the defense mechanism of venting of intense feelings towards a person less threatening than the one who aroused those feelings

displacement

________ is the defense mechanism of dealing with emotional conflict by a temporary alteration in consciousness or identity

dissociation

________ is the defense mechanism of immobilization of a portion of the personality, resulting from unsuccessful completion of tasks in a developmental stage (oral, anal, phallic, etc.)

fixation

________ is the defense mechanism of modeling actions and opinions of influential others while searching for identity, or aspiring to reach a personal, social, or occupational goal

identification

________ is the defense mechanism of separation of emotions of a painful event/situation from the facts involved; acknowledging the facts but not the emotions

intellectualization

________ is the defense mechanism of accepting another’s attitudes, beliefs, and values as one’s own

introjection

________ is the defense mechanism of unconscious blaming of unacceptable inclinations or thoughts on an external object/person

projection

________ is the defense mechanism of excusing own behavior to avoid guilt, responsibility, conflict, anxiety, or loss of self respect

rationalization

________ is the defense mechanism of acting the opposite of what one thinks/feels

reaction formation

________ is the defense mechanism of moving back to a previous developmental stage to feel safe or meet needs

regression

________ is the defense mechanism of excluding emotionally painful/anxiety provoking thoughts and feelings from conscious awareness

repression

________ is the defense mechanism of overt/covert antagonism to remembering or processing anxiety producing information

resistance

________ is the defense mechanism of substituting a socially okay activity for an unacceptable impulse

sublimation

________ is the defense mechanism of replacing desired gratification with one more readily available

substitution

________ is the defense mechanism of conscious exclusion of unacceptable thoughts from conscious awareness

suppression

________ is the defense mechanism of exhibiting acceptable behavior to makeup for or negate unacceptable behavior

undoing

who came up with the idea that personality develops in a predetermined order through 8 stages of development, where each stage poses a psychosocial crisis that is essential for the person’s mental health and must be resolved or mastered

Erik Erikson

what are Erikson’s 8 stages of development in order

trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs shame/doubt, initiative vs guilt, industry vs inferiority, identity vs confusion, intimacy vs isolation, generativity vs stagnation, integrity vs depair

age of trust vs mistrust

infant to 18 months

age of autonomy vs shame/doubt

18 months to 3 years

age of initiative vs guilt

3-5 years

age of industry vs inferiority

5-13 years

age of identity vs confusion

13-21 years

age of intimacy vs isolation

21-39 years

age of generativity vs stagnation

40-65 years

age of integrity vs despair

65+

virtue developed during trust vs mistrust

hope

virtue developed during autonomy vs shame/doubt

will

virtue developed during initiative vs guilt

purpose

virtue developed during industry vs inferiority

competency