17 - Common Fungal Infections

b. Dermatophytes dermatophyte

[Dermatophytosis]

Causative organisms of Dermatophytosis
a. Candida spp.
b. Dermatophytes
c. Cryptococcus spp.
d. Aspergillus spp.

• Microsporum spp.

• Epidermophyton spp.

• Trichophyton spp.

📌Mnemonic: “MET”

[Dermatophytosis]

Dermatophytes include _____ [3]

b. Keratinase

[Dermatophytosis]

Enzyme produced by dermatophytes that acts on keratin (hair, nails, skin)
a. Coagulase
b. Keratinase
c. Catalase
d. Hemolysin

a. Ringworm ("buni")

[Dermatophytosis]

Tinea corporis is also known as
a. Ringworm ("buni")
b. Athlete's foot
c. Jock itch
d. Scalp ringworm

b. Tinea corporis

[Dermatophytosis]

Infection name for ringworm (buni)

a. Tinea capitis
b. Tinea corporis
c. Tinea pedis
d. Tinea cruris

• Ring-like

• Clear middle

• Elevated edge

[Dermatophytosis]

Characteristic appearance of Tinea corporis (ringworm):

a. Slapped cheek
b. Ring-like; clear middle, elevated edge
c. Cauliflower like
d. Umbilicated papule

b. Trunk area

[Dermatophytosis]

Body area affected by Tinea corporis
a. Scalp
b. Trunk area
c. Feet
d. Groin

• Clinical Wood's lamp

• KOH smear

[Dermatophytosis]

Diagnostic test for Tinea corporis [2]

b. Clinical Wood's lamp

[Dermatophytosis]

Diagnostic test for Tinea corporis showing brilliant green fluorescence
a. KOH smear
b. Clinical Wood's lamp
c. Gram stain
d. India ink

b. KOH smear

[Dermatophytosis]

Diagnostic test for Tinea corporis showing hyphae
a. Wood's lamp
b. KOH smear
c. India ink
d. Gram stain

• Keep the area dry

• Topical imidazole

[Dermatophytosis]

Treatment for Tinea corporis

a. Keep the area dry; topical imidazole
b. Oral antibiotics
c. Systemic antifungals
d. Steroids

b. Tinea corporis

[Dermatophytosis]

Tinea infection that affects the trunk

a. Tinea capitis
b. Tinea corporis
c. Tinea barbae
d. Tinea cruris

c. Tinea capitis

[Dermatophytosis]

Tinea infection that affects the scalp
a. Tinea barbae
b. Tinea manuum
c. Tinea capitis
d. Tinea corporis

b. Tinea barbae

[Dermatophytosis]

Tinea infection that affects the beard
a. Tinea unguium
b. Tinea barbae
c. Tinea capitis
d. Tinea manuum

a. Tinea manuum

[Dermatophytosis]

Tinea infection that affects the hands
a. Tinea manuum
b. Tinea cruris
c. Tinea pedis
d. Tinea unguium

d. Tinea unguium

[Dermatophytosis]

Tinea infection that affects the nails
a. Tinea pedis
b. Tinea cruris
c. Tinea manuum
d. Tinea unguium

c. Tinea cruris

[Dermatophytosis]

Tinea infection that affects the groin
a. Tinea pedis
b. Tinea unguium
c. Tinea cruris
d. Tinea manuum

a. Jock itch

[Dermatophytosis]

Tinea cruris is also known as _____
a. Jock itch
b. Ringworm
c. Athlete's foot
d. Scalp ringworm

d. Tinea pedis

[Dermatophytosis]

Tinea infection that affects the toes
a. Tinea unguium
b. Tinea cruris
c. Tinea manuum
d. Tinea pedis

c. Athlete's foot

[Dermatophytosis]

Tinea pedis is also known as ______

a. Jock itch
b. Ringworm
c. Athlete's foot
d. Scalp ringworm

b. Sporothrix schenckii

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Causative organism of Sporotrichosis
a. Candida albicans
b. Sporothrix schenckii
c. Aspergillus fumigatus
d. Cryptococcus neoformans

a. Rose Gardener's disease

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Sporotrichosis is also known as
a. Rose Gardener's disease
b. Pigeon Breeder's disease
c. Farmer's lung
d. Cave disease

b. SQ infection

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Route of infection of Sporotrichosis
a. Airborne
b. SQ infection
c. Fecal-oral
d. Vertical

b. Lymphatics (this is an ulceration)

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Complication of Sporotrichosis, described as ulceration
a. Meningitis
b. Lymphatics
c. Pneumonia
d. Hepatic aflatoxin

b. Itraconazole

📌Mnemonic: KISS

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Treatment for Sporotrichosis
a. Fluconazole
b. Itraconazole
c. Voriconazole
d. Amphotericin B

b. Candida albicans

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Causative organism of Candidiasis
a. Sporothrix schenckii
b. Candida albicans
c. Aspergillus fumigatus
d. Cryptococcus neoformans

• GIT

• Skin

• Vagina

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Normal flora sites of Candida albicans
a. GIT, Skin, Vagina
b. GIT, Skin, Lungs
c. Skin, Vagina, Oral cavity
d. GIT, Vagina, Blood

b. Dermatitis

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Manifestation of Candidiasis presenting as diaper rash
a. Oral thrush
b. Dermatitis
c. Esophageal vaginitis
d. Meningitis

• Dermatitis

• Oral thrush

• Esophagitis

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Manifestation of Candidiasis [2]

b. Oral thrush (Moniliasis)

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Manifestation of Candidiasis in the mouth
a. Dermatitis
b. Oral thrush (Moniliasis)
c. Vaginitis
d. Meningitis

a. Moniliasis

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Oral thrush is also known as _______
a. Moniliasis
b. Candidiasis
c. Dermatitis
d. Vaginitis

b. Nystatin

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Treatment for Oral thrush caused by Candidiasis
a. Fluconazole
b. Nystatin
c. Itraconazole
d. Amphotericin B

b. Binds ergosterol

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Mechanism of action of Nystatin
a. Inhibits DNA polymerase
b. Binds ergosterol
c. Inhibits cell wall synthesis
d. Inhibits protein synthesis

b. Esophagitis

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Manifestation of Candidiasis affecting the esophagus
a. Oral thrush
b. Esophagitis
c. Dermatitis
d. Meningitis

b. Vaginitis

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Manifestation of Candidiasis affecting the vagina, described as "cottage cheese"
a. Esophagitis
b. Vaginitis
c. Dermatitis
d. Oral thrush

a. Cottage cheese

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

The characteristic discharge in Vaginitis
a. Cottage cheese
b. Fishy odor
c. Purulent
d. Bloody

b. Beta-D-Glucan

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Diagnostic test for Candidiasis (esophageal/vaginitis)
a. Galactomannan
b. Beta-D-Glucan
c. Antigen test
d. CSF analysis

b. Fluconazole

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Drug of choice for Candidiasis (esophageal/vaginitis)
a. Voriconazole
b. Fluconazole
c. Amphotericin B
d. Flucytosine

b. Aspergillus fumigatus

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Causative organism of Aspergillosis
a. Candida albicans
b. Aspergillus fumigatus
c. Sporothrix schenckii
d. Cryptococcus neoformans

• Soil

• Peanut

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Habitat of Aspergillus fumigatus
a. Pigeon droppings
b. Soil, peanut
c. Decaying wood
d. Water

• Aspergilloma

• Aflatoxin

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Manifestation of Aspergillosis [2]

b. Aspergilloma

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Pulmonary manifestation of Aspergillosis
a. Meningitis
b. Aspergilloma
c. Vaginitis
d. Dermatitis

a. Halo sign

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

CT finding in pulmonary Aspergillosis
a. Halo sign
b. Owl's eye
c. Fried egg
d. Ground glass

b. Aflatoxin

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Hepatic manifestation of Aspergillosis
a. Cirrhosis
b. Aflatoxin
c. Hepatitis
d. Jaundice

b. Galactomannan

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Diagnostic test for Aspergillosis
a. Beta-D-Glucan
b. Galactomannan
c. Antigen test
d. CSF analysis

b. Voriconazole

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Treatment for Aspergillosis
a. Fluconazole
b. Voriconazole
c. Nystatin
d. Itraconazole

c. Cryptococcus neoformans

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Causative organism of Cryptococcosis
a. Candida albicans
b. Aspergillus fumigatus
c. Cryptococcus neoformans
d. Sporothrix schenckii

b. Pigeon droppings

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Habitat/source of Cryptococcus neoformans
a. Soil, peanut
b. Pigeon droppings
c. Decaying wood
d. Water

b. Meningitis

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Manifestation of Cryptococcosis in HIV/AIDS patients
a. Aspergilloma
b. Meningitis
c. Esophagitis
d. Dermatitis

• CSF analysis

• Antigen test

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Diagnostic test for Cryptococcosis
a. CSF analysis and Antigen test
b. KOH smear and Wood's lamp
c. Beta-D-glucan and Galactomannan
d. Monospot test and VCA

• Amphotericin B

• Flucytosine

[Subcutaneous and Systemic Fungal Infection]

Treatment for Cryptococcosis
a. Amphotericin B and Flucytosine
b. Fluconazole and Nystatin
c. Itraconazole and Voriconazole
d. Penicillin and Amoxicillin

b. Pityriasis versicolor

Infection name also known as Tinea versicolor

a. Tinea corporis
b. Pityriasis versicolor
c. Tinea cruris
d. Tinea pedis

b. Malassezia furfur

[PItyriasis Versicolor]

Causative agent of Pityriasis versicolor
a. Candida albicans
b. Malassezia furfur
c. Sporothrix schenckii
d. Aspergillus fumigatus

b. Spaghetti and meatballs appearance

[PItyriasis Versicolor]

Positive KOH finding in Pityriasis versicolor

a. Hyphae only
b. Spaghetti and meatballs appearance
c. Fried egg
d. Cigar-shaped yeast

b. Hypo/hyperpigmented macule

[PItyriasis Versicolor]

Skin manifestation of Pityriasis versicolor, known as "an-an"
a. Vesicular rash
b. Hypo/hyperpigmented macule
c. Umbilicated papule
d. Ring-like lesion

• Topical imidazole

• Selenium sulfide

[PItyriasis Versicolor]

Treatment for Pityriasis versicolor
a. Topical imidazole and Selenium sulfide
b. Nystatin and Fluconazole
c. Amphotericin B and Flucytosine
d. Itraconazole and Voriconazole

d. Dimorphic fungal infection

Category of fungal infection not found in the Philippines
a. Superficial fungal infection
b. Subcutaneous fungal infection
c. Dermatophytosis
d. Dimorphic fungal infection

b. Histoplasma capsulatum

[Dimorphic Fungal Infection]

Causative organism of Histoplasmosis
a. Blastomyces dermatitidis
b. Histoplasma capsulatum
c. Coccidioides immitis
d. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

b. Spelunker's disease

[Dimorphic Fungal Infection]

Histoplasmosis is also known as
a. San Joaquin Valley Fever
b. Spelunker's disease
c. Ohio Valley Fever
d. Cave disease

b. Cave explorers

[Dimorphic Fungal Infection]

Population at risk for Histoplasmosis

a. Farmers
b. Cave explorers
c. Bird handlers
d. Construction workers

b. Atypical pneumonia

[Dimorphic Fungal Infection]

Clinical manifestation of Histoplasmosis
a. Meningitis
b. Atypical pneumonia
c. Cirrhosis
d. Peripheral neuropathy

b. No capsule

[Dimorphic Fungal Infection]

Unique morphological feature of Histoplasma capsulatum
a. Has capsule
b. No capsule
c. Has thick cell wall
d. Has flagella

b. Blastomyces dermatitidis

[Dimorphic Fungal Infection]

Causative organism of Blastomycosis
a. Histoplasma capsulatum
b. Blastomyces dermatitidis
c. Coccidioides immitis
d. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

c. North American Blastomycosis

[Dimorphic Fungal Infection]

Blastomycosis is also known as
a. San Joaquin Valley Fever
b. Spelunker's disease
c. North American Blastomycosis
d. South American Blastomycosis

• Rotten wood

• Soil

[Dimorphic Fungal Infection]

Risk factor (RF) for Blastomycosis
a. Pigeon droppings
b. Rotten wood, soil
c. Cave exploring
d. Bird handling

b. Least common

[Dimorphic Fungal Infection]

Frequency of occurrence of Blastomycosis compared to other dimorphic fungal infections
a. Most common
b. Least common
c. Second most common
d. Equally common

a. True

[Dimorphic Fungal Infection]

Frequency of occurrence of Blastomycosis is LESS COMMON compared to other dimorphic fungal infections

a. True

b. False

c. Coccidioides immitis

[Dimorphic Fungal Infection]

Causative organism of Coccidiodomycosis
a. Histoplasma capsulatum
b. Blastomyces dermatitidis
c. Coccidioides immitis
d. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

b. San Joaquin Valley Fever

[Dimorphic Fungal Infection]

Coccidiodomycosis is also known as
a. Spelunker's disease
b. San Joaquin Valley Fever
c. North American Blastomycosis
d. South American Blastomycosis

b. Arthroconidia (spores)

[Dimorphic Fungal Infection]

Route of transmission (ROT) of Coccidiodomycosis
a. Direct contact
b. Arthroconidia (spores)
c. Airborne droplets
d. Vertical

b. T cells mediated

[Dimorphic Fungal Infection]

Type of immune defense against Coccidiodomycosis
a. Humoral, antibody mediated
b. T cells mediated
c. Complement mediated
d. Innate immunity only

d. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

[Dimorphic Fungal Infection]

Causative organism of Paracoccidiodomycosis
a. Histoplasma capsulatum
b. Blastomyces dermatitidis
c. Coccidioides immitis
d. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

b. San Joaquin Valley Fever

[Dimorphic Fungal Infection]

Paracoccidiodomycosis is also known as
a. North American Blastomycosis
b. San Joaquin Valley Fever
c. South American Blastomycosis
d. Spelunker's disease

b. TB

[Dimorphic Fungal Infection]

Disease that Paracoccidiodomycosis clinically resembles
a. HIV/AIDS
b. TB
c. Hepatitis
d. Malaria

a. Hemoptysis

[Dimorphic Fungal Infection]

Clinical manifestation of Paracoccidiodomycosis involving coughing up blood
a. Hemoptysis
b. Hematuria
c. Hematemesis
d. Hematochezia

b. Mariner's wheel

[Dimorphic Fungal Infection]

Identifying microscopic feature of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
a. Cigar-shaped yeast
b. Mariner's wheel
c. Spaghetti and meatballs
d. Fried egg