The Human Organism

Human Organism

How everything is connected Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body

Chemical

smallest level [Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body]

Chemical

consists of the atoms, chemical bonds, and molecules [Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body]

Chemical makeup

characteristics of all organisms [Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body]

Cellular

2nd level [Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body]

Cells

basic unit of life [Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body]

Cellular

consists of compartments and organelles [Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body]

Organelles

includes the mitochondria, nucleus, etc. [Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body]

Cellular

Ex: nerve cell, muscle cell, bone cell [Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body]

Tissues

3rd level [Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body]

Tissues

Group of cells with similar structure and function with the extracellular substances they release [Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body]

Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous

Every Chaos Moves Normally [Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body]

Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous

4 broad tissue types [Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body]

Organs

4th level [Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body]

Organs

Groups of tissues acting together [Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body]

Organ System

5th level [Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body]

Organ System

Group of organs contributing to the same function [Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body]

Integumentary

temperature regulation [Organ System]

Skeletal

support, movement, & protection [Organ System]

Muscular

movement [Organ System]

Nervous

instant messaging (signal throughout the body) [Organ System]

Endocrine

metabolism & growth [Organ System]

Cardiovascular

transport of oxygen [Organ System]

Lymphatic

defense & drainage [Organ System]

Respiratory

oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange [Organ System]

Digestive

digestion, absorption, & elimination [Organ System]

Urinary

waste removal & water balance [Organ System]

Female Reproductive

fertilization [Organ System]

Male Reproductive

sperm production [Organ System]

Organism

6th level [Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body]

Organism

Group of all organ systems working together [Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body]

Organization, Metabolism, Responsiveness, Growth, Development, Reproduction = Characteristics of Life

Organization, Metabolism, Responsiveness, Growth, Development, Reproduction

Oh My Really Get Dressed RN!

Organization

Functional interrelationships between parts [Characteristics of Life]

Organization

Hierarchy and coordination [Characteristics of Life]

Metabolism

Sum of all chemical and physical changes sustaining an organism [Characteristics of Life]

Metabolism

Ability to acquire and use energy in support of these changes [Characteristics of Life]

Metabolism

Ex: food

Responsiveness

Ability to sense and respond to environmental changes (external and internal) [Characteristics of Life]

Responsiveness

Ex: body response: Heat

Growth

Increase in size and the number of cells [Characteristics of Life]

Development

Changes in form and size of organism over time [Characteristics of Life]

Differentiation

changes in cell structure and function from generalized to specialized

Reproduction

Formation of new cells or a new organism [Characteristics of Life]

Reproduction

Generation of new individuals [Characteristics of Life]

Reproduction

Tissue repair [Characteristics of Life]

Reproduction

Cellular reproduction and organism reproduction [Characteristics of Life]

Homeostasis

One of the most important concepts in anatomy and physiology

Homeostasis

Maintenance of a constant internal environment despite fluctuations in the external and internal environment

Homeostasis

dynamic state of equilibrium (balance)

Homeostasis

Changes are continually regulated

Homeo

means sameness

Stasis

means standing still

Variables

measures of body properties that may change in value

Variables

vital signs and monitoring

Variables

Ex: body temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose level, blood cell count

Set Point

Ideal normal value for a physiological condition (target)

Normal Range

Safer upper and lower limit around the set point (wiggle room around the set point)

Feedback System

Cycle of events that keeps the body's internal conditions steady

Receptor, Control Center, Effector

Components of a Feedback System

Receptor

detects changes in the variable

Control Center

receives receptor signs

Control Center

establishes a set point

Control Center

sends the signal to the effector

Effector

Directly causes a change in the variable

stimulus

A changed variable because of it initiates a homeostatic mechanism

Negative Feedback

Main mechanism used for homeostasis regulation [Classifications]

Negative Feedback

Reverses the change in the controlled condition [Classifications]

Negative Feedback

Ex: Increase in body temperature [Classifications]

Positive Feedback

Not directly used for homeostasis [Classifications]

Positive Feedback

Strengthens or reinforces the change in a controlled condition [Classifications]

Positive Feedback

Systemic response causes progressive deviation outside normal range [Classifications]

Positive Feedback

Generally associated with diseases or injuries [Classifications]

Positive Feedback

Some positive feedback under normal conditions [Classifications]

Positive Feedback

Ex: childbirth and blood clot formation [Classifications]