Ap World unit 2 vocab

Abbasids

Member of the Abbasids Dynasty

Al-Andalus

The Al-Andalus was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula.

Arab/Berber camels

Camels trained to carry vast amounts of supplies to travel and trade

Arabian Peninsula

The location of the Arabian peninsula gives it a role in the world oil and natural gas markets

Arabic language

It was spoken primarily across the Arab world.

Ex: Originally from Greece but became a key astronomical instrument for the Islamic world

Aztec Empire-G

Major mesoamerican empire that developed in modern day Mexico

Ex. The empire was bilt on man made islands because the lands they inhabited onnwere swampy lands

Baghdad - GS

It is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo

Ex: it was the most significant cultural center of Arab and Islamic civilization

Bantu migration - SEG

a large population movement over time from southern West Africa to Central, Eastern, and Southern Africa

Ex: the Bantu people introduced crops, like bananas and yams, in new areas

Bills of exchange - ES

an order to pay a certain sum of money to a specified person or entity at a specified time in the future

Ex: They were used to finance trade and the exchange of goods and services between merchants and buyers in different countries

Black Death - GS

A plague started by fleas killing 75 - 200 million people, one of the most fatal plagues

Ex: the bubonic plague pandemic occurred in Western Eurasia and North Africa from 1346 to 1353

Byzantine Empire - RPIA

It was the continuation of the Roman Empire

Ex: Byzantine civilization blended Christian religious beliefs with Greek science, philosophy, arts, and literature

Cahokia - R

a center of religious devotion and trade

Ex: first occupied in 700 CE and flourished for four centuries

Calicut - PE

the Capital of Malabar during the Zamorin rule

Ex: Traded cotton and spices with Jews, Arabs, Phoenicians, and Chinese

Caliphates - RP

a person considered a political-religious successor to the Islamic prophet

Ex: The first caliphate was recorded in 632 A.D. after the death of the Prophet Muhammad

Camel saddles - E

An invention that gives camel riders more stability on the animal and more stability for supplies to trade

Ex: Camels traveled along the Trans-Saharan Caravan Trade Route to trade supplies with other merchants

Caravanserai - EI

an inn with a central courtyard for travelers in the desert regions of Asia or North Africa.

Ex: caravanserai provided shelter but also an opportunity for merchants and others traveling to trade

Central Asian steppe horses - G

Horse only native to central Asia

Ex: Has been around since Genghis Khan

Champa rice varieties-T

quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season, drought resistant, played important roles in ancient and modern rice production

Checks - EP

Another way to pay somebody

Ex: a concept developed in the Muslim states (sakks)

Chinampa field systems-T

An artificial cultivation system the is built in areas where water is the main natural resource. They are used to grow vegetables

Citrus - G

Can be found in some fruits like lemons, limes, and oranges

Ex: Citrus fruits spread throughout trade

Coerced labor E, S,

when individuals are compelled against their will to provide work or service through force or threats

Ex;slavery, debt bondage, traffficking

Compass - TI

Helps navigate people in the right direction

Ex: Sailors would use compasses a lot when traveling for trade

Cotton - E

A soft fluffy material that grows in a warm environment

Ex: Was traded a lot along the trade routes

craft production-T,S,A

manufacturing by hand, with or without the use of tools

Ex: pottery, woodworking

Credit - ES

allowed for merchants to buy or borrow goods to sell for profit

Ex: Allowed for a more easier way of trading

Crusades- P

Series of Christian holy wars against nonbelievers

Ex. The Christian attempted to take Jerusalem from the Muslims by attempting to go to war with them

Dar al-Islam - GIS

a term used by Muslim scholars to refer to those countries under Muslim control

Ex: The region produced a lot of influential scholars, philosophers, and scientists

Delhi sultanate-G,P

a late medieval empire primarily based in Delhi that included large parts of India

Epidemic - G

a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.

Ex: The Black Death

Exotic animal - G

A Unique type of animal

Ex: The Indian Ocean trade was an important source of exotic animals and plants, like elephants, rhinoceroses, and tropical fruits.

export-E,P

Send goods or services to another country for sale

Ex:The soybean is commonly grown in the Midwest and is the us's biggest export in the food and beverage category

Feudal Japan-P

a system in which lords gave favor in the form of land, titles, and prestigious offices to their subordinates in exchange for military service

Fudalism-S,P

the dominant social system in medieval Europe, system in which people were given land and protection by people of higher rank, and in return worked and fought for hem

Gems- AE

A precious stone especially when cut or polished.

Ex. Diamonds and emeralds were cherished and imported to empires.

Grand Canal-AT

It is the oldest and longest canal in the world. It stretches over 1,000 miles in China and was built over a couple of centuries.

Ex. Grand Canal in China

Greek/Indian mathematics- I

They were influential parts of history that developed math knowledge. It was spread through trade, migration, and exchanges.

Ex. Greek mathematics- Geometry, number theory

Indian mathematics- Algebra, decimal system, trigonometry

Guild organization-E,S

A group of craftsmen formed to promote the economic interest of their members and provide protection and mutual aid

Gunpowder-TE

It is the first explosive that was ever made. It was spread through the silk roads. Europe, the Middle East, and Africa used it for military purposes.

Ex. Gunpowder was made in China.

Hangzhou- GE

Hangzhou in China was famous for making and importing silk, tea, porcelain and was an important trading hub.

Ex. A famous Indian Buddhist monk established 2 temples in Hangzhou.

Hanseatic League- SE

A association of towns in Northern Germany that was formed in order to protect and control trade through the 14 and 15th centuries.

Ex. They were very powerful in controlling Northern Germany and trade routes.

Horse collar T,

A harness that used to distruble the weight of pulling a wagon around the horse neck and shoulders

Iberia- G

A peninsula in Southwestern Europe and is mostly in Modern day Portugal and Spain.

Ex. The Kingdom of Aragon that was in Iberia and was a Christian kingdom.

Ibn Battuta- I

Ibn Battuta is one of the greatest travelers of the medieval times and was Muslim traveler who wrote one of the most famous travel logs called in Rihlah.

Ex. He traveled the Islamic world and Iberia.

Import E

Bring goods or services into a country form abroad or sale

Ex:Many countries import motor oil because they cannot produce it

Incan Empire-P,G

a kingdom that developed in the Andes region of south america

Indigenous culture- S

Native culture of the people who originally lived in the area before conquest, migration, or anything foreign changes the culture.

Ex. African indigenous societies like the Songhai were known for being rich.

Infrastructure-SPE

The basic physical and organizational societies and facilities that are needed for the operation of a society.

Ex. The Silk Road is the most famous infrastructure from this time period.

Islam-R

A monotheistic religion from the Arabian Peninsula founded by Muhammed in the 7th century. Muslims base their beliefs in their holy book called the Quran.

Ex. The Islamic Golden Period was during this time where there were contributions to culture and knowledge.

Italian city-states-G,P

a collection of cities on the Italian peninsula that declared independence from major ruling powers

Ex: Florence, Milan, Venice, Naples, and Rome

labor taxes-E,P

the amount of taxes and mandatory contributions on labor paid by the business

Little Ice Age-G

A period of widespread cooling from around 1300 to 1850. Average global temperatures dropped as much as 3.6 F

Luxury goods-EA

Luxury goods are goods that are only available to the higher classes because they are made to make your life more comfortable and are usually more expensive.

Ex. Sugar, gold, salt, porcelain.

Marco Polo-I

Marco Polo was a traveler from Venice, Italy who traveled throughout Europe and Asia.

Ex. He is responsible for the knowledge exchanged between Asia and Europe during this time.

Mayan city-states-G,P,I,S

centers of population that served as specialized roles of administration, commerce, manufacturing and religion

Ex:

Melaka- EG

A port city in Malaysia and was an important city for trading and exchanging.

Ex. Melaka was important for spreading Islam throughout Southeast Asia.

Mexica-IA

They were semi-nomadic people who lived in Northern Mexico. They built Tenochtitlan.