AP European History Chapter 13 Terms and Names

Anticlericalism

opposition to the clergy.

Martin Luther

propelled the wave of movements we now call the Reformation. Posted the 95 Theses

Indulgence

A document issued by the Catholic Church lessening penance or time in purgatory.

Johann Tetzel

He promised that the purchase of indulgences would bring full forgiveness for one's own sins or release from purgatory for a loved one.

Diet of Worms

Luther used this assembly of the nobility and clergy to broadcast his ideas to even a broader audience.

Ulrich Zwingli

Swiss humanist priest. Christian life rested on the Scriptures, which were the pure words of God and the sole basis of religious truth.

Protestant

The name originally given to followers of Luther, which came to mean all non-Catholic Western Christian groups.

Anabaptists

"rebaptizers" communal ownership of property, living very simply and rejecting anything they thought unbiblical.

German Peasants' War

causes were crop failures, seizure of common lands, new rents, and taking the peasants best horse or cows whenever the head of household died

Charles V

became the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire at the age of 19. Led the Catholics vs the Protestants during the religious war in Germany

Peace of Augsburg

Officially recognized Lutheranism. Territory could decide to be Catholic or Lutheran

John Calvin

believed in Predestination

Henry VIII

He wanted an annulment from his wife Catherine of Aragon… severed England's ties with the Catholic Church. He dissolved the monasteries and confiscated their land.

Catherine of Aragon

Henry VIII first wife who did not have a boy to inherit the throne

Act of Supremacy

declared the king the supreme head of the Church of England

Book of Common Prayer

included the order for all services and prayers of the Church of England.

Mary Tudor

She restored Roman Catholicism in England. Executed several hundred Protestants

Elizabeth I

In England she chose a middle course between Catholics and Protestants.

Philip II of Spain

Leader of Spain who was once married to Mary Tudor. Sent the Spanish Armada to England.

Spanish Armada

The Fleet sent by Philip II of Spain in 1588 against England as a religious crusade against Protestantism.

The Institutes of Christian Religion

Calvin's formulation of Christian doctrine, which became a systematic theology for Protestantism.

Predestination

The teaching that God has determined the salvation or damnation of individuals based on his will and purpose, not on their merit or works.

Holy Office

The official Roman Catholic agency founded in 1542 to combat international doctrinal heresy.

Council of Trent

laid a solid basis for spiritual renewal of the Catholic Church.

Jesuits

Members of the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola, whose goal was the spread of the Roman Catholic faith.

Huguenots

French Calvinists

Politiques

Catholic and Protestant moderates who geld that only a strong monarchy could save France from total collapse.

Edict of Nantes

A document issued by Henry IV of France in 1598, granting liberty of conscience and of pubic worship to Calvinists, which helped restore peace in France.

Union of Utrecht

The alliance of seven northern provinces that declared its independence from Spain and formed the United provinces of the Netherlands.