Deck 13 – People & Foundations of Criminology

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Last updated 8:55 AM on 7/26/26
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6 Terms

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Cesare Beccaria

  • Founder of Classical Criminology

  • On Crimes and Punishments (1764)

  • Punishment should be certain, swift and proportionate

  • Crime is prevented through deterrence

2
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Jeremy Bentham

  • Expanded Classical Criminology

  • Developed Utilitarianism

  • Created the Hedonistic Calculus

  • People seek pleasure and avoid pain

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Cesare Lombroso

  • Founder of Biological Positivism

  • Proposed the Born Criminal theory

  • Developed Atavism

Crime is influenced by biology

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Auguste Comte

  • Founder of Sociology

  • Developed Positivism

  • Argued society should be studied scientifically

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Émile Durkheim

  • Developed Social Facts

  • Crime exists in every society

  • Crime can have positive social functions

  • Society shapes behaviour

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Classical vs Positivist Thinkers

Classical: Beccaria & Bentham
Positivist: Lombroso, Comte & Durkheim