locations of tissue, glands, etc

types of dense connective tissue

dense regular and dense irregular

types of loose connective tissue

areolar, reticular, adipose

all types of connective tissue

loose, dense, cartilage, bone, and blood

what is ground substance

the unstructured material that fills in the space between cells and contains fibers; found in connective tissue

what is loose areolar connective tissue made up of

fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, white blood cells; all three CT fibers

where can loose areolar CT be found?

widely distributed throughout the body; wraps and cushions organs

what is reticular loose connective tissue made up of

leukocytes and reticular fibers; very loose/open ground substance

where is loose reticular CT found?

lymph nodes, bone marrow, and the spleen

where is dense regular connective tissue found

tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses; attaches muscle to bone, muscle to muscle, and bone to bone

what is dense regular CT made up of

fibroblasts; parallel collagen fibers and a few elastic ones

where is dense irregular connective tissue found?

the dermis, submucosa of digestive tract, and fibrous capsules of organs and joints

what is dense irregular connective tissue made up of

collagen and elastic fibers, fibroblasts

what is adipose loose connective tissue made up of

closely packed adipocytes, lipids, blood vessels

where is adipose loose connective tissue?

under skin, around kidneys, within abdomen and in breasts

what is hyaline cartilage connective tissue made up of

chondrocytes in lacunae, network of collagen fibers, firm matrix

where is hyaline cartilage CT located

embryonic skeleton, end of long bones, nose,c shaped rings of trachea, and larynx

where is elastic cartilage connective tissue found

the external ear and the epiglottis

what is elastic cartilage CT made up of

elastic fibers, lacunae, chondrocytes, perichondrium; similar to hyaline cartilage but with more elastic fibers

where is fibrocartilage CT located in the body

found in intervertebral discs, the pubic symphysis, and in discs of the knee joint

what is fibrocartilage CT made up off

collagen fibers and chondrocytes; similar to hyaline cartilage but with thicker collagen fibers

what is bone connective tissue made up of

hard, calcified matrix, collagen fibers in moon, osteocytes in lacunae

what is blood connective tissue made up of

red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix (plasma)

where can blood CT be found

contained within blood vessels

where is nervous tissue found

brain, spinal cord, nervous system, peripheral nerves

what are the three types of muscle tissue

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

where is skeletal tissue found

skeletal muscles that attach to bones or skin

what is skeletal tissue made up of

long, cylindrical multinucleate cells with obvious striation

what is cardiac tissue made up of

branching, striated, short and fat uninucleate cells interlocking at intercalated discs; cells are interconnected

where is cardiac muscle tissue found

the walls of the heart

where is smooth muscle tissue found

walls of hollow organs and walls of vessels

what is smooth muscle tissue made up of

sheets of spindle shaped cells with central nuclei that have no striations

what are the two types of suderiferous glands?

merocrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands

where are merocrine sweat glands found on body (also called eccrine)

palms of hands, soles of feet, and forehead (exocrine onto skin)

what are apocrine sweat glands

source of sex pheromones; exocrine into hair follicles

where are apocrine sweat glands found

axillary and anogenital areas, areola, and beard on mature men

what are mammary glands

specialized type of apocrine gland to secrete milk

what are sebaceous glands

simple alveolar glands that soften skin and secrete and sebum into hair follicles

what are sebaceous glands made up of

epithelial tissue

what is a collagen fiber made up of

fiber; made up of collagen protein, tough, provides high tensile strength

what is an elastic fiber made up of

fiber; made up of protein elastin, long, thin, and allow for stretch and recoil

what is a reticular fiber made up of

fiber; short, thin, branched collagenous fibers that form sponge-like framework for some organs such as spleen and lymph nodes

types of fibers

collagen, elastic, reticular

types of cells

fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts, hematopoietic stem cells

what are fibroblasts

their own type of cell that support connective tissue proper

where are fibroblasts found

fibrous connective tissue

where are white blood cells, plasma cells, and macrophages found

loose CT, bone marrow, and lymphatic tissue

where are chondroblasts

cartilage

where are osteoblasts

bone

where are hematopoietic stem cells

bone marrow

where are stem cells in the epidermis

the stratum basale

what is a keratinocyte

cells that produce the fibrous protein keratin; make up most epidermal cells, connected by desmosomes

where are melanocytes

stratum basale

what are the three tactile cells?

meissner’s corpuscles, pacinian (or lamellated) corpuscles, merkel cells

where/what are meissner’s corpuscles?

little “balloons” in the dermal papillae area; detect lighter touch

where are merkel cells and what do they look like

all epidermal-dermal junctions; spiky

what do merkel cells do

function as touch receptors with the sensory nerve endings

where are pacinian corpuscles (lamellated) located?

lower dermis or hypodermis

what do the pacinian corpuscles detect?

deep pressure

where are dendritic cells? (Langerhans’)

the stratum granulosum and the stratum spinosum; arise from bone marrow and migrate to epidermis

simple squamous epithelium location

kidney glomerular capsule, lining of heart, lining of blood vessels, lining of lymphatic vessels, air sacs of lungs, and outer lining of digestive tract (or serosae)

simple cuboidal epithelium location

kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portion of small glands, and ovary surface

simple columnar epithelium location

noncilliated line gallbladder and digestive tract, ciliated line small bronchi, uterine tubes, and regions of uterus

pseudostratified columnar epithelium location

male sperm carrying ducts when nonciliated; trachea when ciliated

stratified squamous epithelium location

areas of wear and tear; external part of skin, non-keratinized found in body openings

stratified cuboidal epithelium location

ducts of large glands like sweat and mammary

stratified columnar epithelium location

ducts of salivary glands

transitional epithelium location

lines the urinary bladder, ureters, and part of the urethra

mucous membrane location

lines body cavities that are open to the exterior (digestive and respiratory)

serous membrane location

moist membranes found in closed body cavities; parietal and visceral peritoneum, pericardium and pleura

parietal vs visceral membrane function

parietal lines the outer layer of the cavity, while visceral covers the organ