Anatomy of the Vertebral column and spinal cord Day 2

What sections of the spinal column make up the primary curvature and secondary curvature

Primary: Thoracic and Sacral/coccygeal

Secondary: cervical and lumbar

What special characteristics do Cervical vertebrae have

1. Bifed Spinous processes

2. Not vertebral discs between atlas, occipital bone, and axis.

What are thoracic vertebrae charactorized by

Their articulation with the ribs

what lumbar vertebrae has the thickst and heaviest vertebral body and what condition occurs most often at its inferior articulation

The L5 lumbar and spondylolisthesis

What section of vertebrae allow for a puncture to collect a sample of fluid from the cord and what is this procedure and fluid called

Lumbar, Lumbar Puncture, and CSF

what structure allows for things such as nerves and vessels to pass in and out of the vertebral canal

intervertebral foramen

what is the name and purpose of the nucleus pulposus

Absorb compression forces between vertebral discs

what is the purpose of the Annulus firbosus

limit rotation between vertebrae

what is the joints between superior and inferior facets called

Zygapophysial joint

what causes a herniated disc

weakening of the annulus fibrosus

What spinal ligament resists separation of spinal lamina by limiting abrubt flexion

Ligamentum flavus

what spinal ligament connects the C7 to to sacrum spinal processes

Supraspinous ligament

what spinal ligament connects from C7 to the skull specifically at the external occipital protuberance

nuchal ligament

What ligaments pass through the adjacent vertebral spinous processes

Interspinous ligaments

what two ligaments attach to the anterior and posterior portions of the vetebral bodies and which one of these ligments lines the anterior portion of the vertebral canal

Anterior and Posterior longitudinal ligaments

where does the vertebral canal terminate at

the sacral hiatus just above the coccyx

what are the different levels of spinal meninges from superficial to deep

Epidural space, Dura mater, subdural space, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, pia mater, and the spinal cord

what is the difference between epidural and spinal injections

Epidurals use a small plastic tube to inject anesthesia into the epidural space. The medication starts to work after about 15 minutes. A catheter is also left in for potential future use of medication

Spinal injections (specifically anesthesia) use thinner needles and inject it into the CSF

What meningeal layer contains the CSF

Sub arachnoid space

What meningeal layer gives rise to a certain type of ligament and what do these ligaments do

The pia mater and denticulate ligaments which anchor the spinal cord to the dura mater layer and play a key role in stabilization of the spinal cord

What part of the filum terminale is constructed of Pia mater and what does it do

the filum terminale internus and anchors the conus medullaris to the caudal end of the spinal dural sheath

What condition can a laminectomy help with

Spinal stenosis

whare does the spinal enlargement start

at the level of C8 spinal nerve

what is the highlighted structure and where does it begin at

Conus medullaris and L1/L2

what is the highlighted structure

The cauda equina

what are the highlighted structures and their purpose

The filum terminale externus and internus

what is the filum terminale internus made of and what is it purpose

Pia mater anchors the conus medullaris to the caudal end of the spinal dural sheath

what is the filum terminale externus made of and what is its purpose

Pia and dura matter and achors the spinal cord at the coccyx

what are The three most common types of spina bifida and their defining characteristics

Myelomeningocele: sac of fluid through an opening in the baby’s back with spinal cord and damaged nerves in the sac

Meningocele: sac of fluid comes through an opening in the baby’s back but does not contain nerves so they are not damaged

Spina Bifida Occulta: small gap in the spine, but no opening or sac on the back. The spinal cord and the nerves usually are norm

What is gray matter of rich in

Nerve cell bodies

what is white mater rich in

nerve cell processes and tracts

what does the posterior root carry

Sensory information to the CNS

what does the anterior root carry

motor information away from the CNS to the periphery

what part of the body do the posterior Rami innervate

The intrinsic back muscles and skin of the back

what part of the body do the anterior Rami innervate

other skeletal muscles and remaining areas of the skin

where does the spinal cord typically end

L1 or 2

What are the 2 enlargements in the spine and what are they for

The cervical enlargement is for the brachial plexus.

the lumbar enlargment is for the lumbosacral plexus