Bonding , Structure and Properties of Matter

GCSE AQA CHEMISTRY

What is an ion

A charged particle

When are ions formed?

When atoms gain or lose electrons

What does group number tell us in relation to outer shell electrons?

The group number tells us how many outer shell electrons in the atom

How many outer shell electrons will an element in group 1 have?

elements in group 1 will have one outer shell electron

How do atoms become stable

Lose or gain electrons until their outermost shell is full

Is it easier for group 1 elements or group 6 elements to become stable and fill its outer shell?

Its easier for group 1 elements to become stable because they only have to lose 1 electron to become stable whereas group 6 elements have to gain 2 electrons to become stable

What are group 1 metals known as

Alkaline metals

What happens to atoms that gain electrons?

They form ions with a negative charge

What happens to atoms that lose electrons?

They form ions with a positive charge

In an ionic bond how are the 2 elements attracted to each other?

Elements are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces

When does an ionic bond occur

When a metal atom reacts with a non metal atom

Properties of ionic compounds

High melting and boiling points

Conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points

In an ionic compound their are loads of ionic bonds which requires lots of energy to break bonds

Formula for Hydroxide ion

OH-

Formula for sulfate ion

S04 2-

What is an ionic structure known as?

A lattice

Why can ionic compounds only conduct electricity when in liquid or molten

The ions are free to move and carry charge

When are covalent bonds formed?

When two atoms share electrons to become stable and get a full outer shell of electrons