One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA, including definitions, assumptions, statistical tests, and methods used in analysis.

ANOVA

Analysis of Variance; a statistical method used to compare means across multiple groups.

One-Way ANOVA

ANOVA that examines the influence of one independent variable on one dependent variable.

Repeated Measures ANOVA

ANOVA used for comparing means across multiple dependent groups.

Sphericity

Assumption that the variance of the differences between all combinations of related groups are equal.

Null Hypothesis (H0)

Assumes no effect or no difference; means are equal across the groups.

Alternative Hypothesis (H1)

Assumes at least one group mean is different from the others.

F-Statistic

The ratio of variance estimates calculated to test the hypothesis in ANOVA.

F-Critical Value

The cutoff value that the F-Statistic must exceed to reject the null hypothesis.

Degrees of Freedom (df)

The number of values in the final calculation that are free to vary.

Post-hoc Test

Statistical tests used after an ANOVA to determine which groups are different.

Effect Size

A quantitative measure of the magnitude of a phenomenon.

Independent Variable (IV)

A variable that is manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

Dependent Variable (DV)

The outcome variable that is measured to assess the effects of the independent variable.

Homogeneity of Variance

Assumption that different samples have the same variance.

Factorial ANOVA

ANOVA that involves two or more independent variables.

Main Effect

The direct influence of an independent variable on a dependent variable.

Interaction Effect

A situation where the effect of one independent variable depends on the level of another independent variable.

p-value

The probability of observing the test results under the null hypothesis.

Tukey’s HSD

A post-hoc test used to find which means are different after an ANOVA.

Bonferroni Method

A statistical adjustment made to p-values when multiple comparisons are being performed.

Test of Differences

A statistical procedure used to determine if there are significant differences between group means.

Sum of Squares (SS)

The total of squared deviations from the mean, which contributes to variance calculations.

Mean Square (MS)

The average of the squared differences from the mean; calculated as SS divided by df.

F-Test

A statistical test used to compare variances between populations.

Sample Size (n)

The number of observations in each group being studied.

Grand Mean

The mean of all the data points in the study.

Group Mean

The mean of a subset of data representing a group within the overall data.

Assumption of Normality

Assumption that the data follows a normal distribution.

Cognitive Capacity

The ability of an individual to perform tasks requiring mental effort.

Type I Error

Incorrectly rejecting a true null hypothesis; a false positive.

Type II Error

Failing to reject a false null hypothesis; a false negative.

Critical Value Region

The area in the tail(s) of the distribution where the null hypothesis is rejected.

Within-Group Variability

Variation in scores within each group being compared.

Between-Group Variability

Variation in group means across different groups.

Matched Pairs Design

A design that consists of pairs of subjects that are matched based on certain characteristics.

ANOVA Table

A table that summarizes the ANOVA analysis, including SS, df, MS, and F-statistic.

Cognitive Training Program

A structured program designed to improve mental function.

Mean Difference

The numerical difference between group means.

Statistically Significant

An observed effect that is unlikely to have occurred by chance.

Calculation Steps

The sequential procedures followed to perform ANOVA calculations.

F-Distribution

The probability distribution used in ANOVA for the F-Statistic.

Size of Effect

A measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables.

Null Hypothesis Testing

A method of statistical inference to decide if the null hypothesis can be rejected.

Quantitative Research

Research that uses numerical data to analyze variables.

Qualitative Research

Research that uses non-numerical data to understand concepts or experiences.

Data Analysis Software

Programs used to process and analyze statistical data, such as SPSS.

Research Design

The overall strategy chosen to integrate the different components of a study.

Statistical Inference

Using data from a sample to draw conclusions about a population.

Sampling Error

The error caused by observing a sample instead of the whole population.

Surveys and Questionnaires

Tools used to gather data from research subjects.

Variable Control

The process of minimizing the effects of variables other than the independent variable.

Experimental Control

Ensuring that the research results are due to the manipulation of the independent variable.