Chapter 11: Prisons and Jails

The ________ system was an early American system of imprisonment that emphasized solitary confinement and saw penance as the main way to achieve rehabilitation.

A) Massachusetts

B) Pennsylvania

C) Irish

D) Elmira

B) Pennsylvania

The ________ model of corrections emphasized indeterminate sentencing and rehabilitation.

A) community-based

B) reformatory

C) evidence-based

D) penitentiary

B) reformatory

What impact did the Ashurst-Sumners Act have on prisons?

A) It effectively ended prison industries.

B) It increased the problem of prison overcrowding.

C) It expanded the use of intermediate sentencing.

D) It limited the use of "good time" credits.

A) It effectively ended prison industries.

Which era of corrections was characterized by a lack of innovation and a focus on custody and institutional security?

A) The community-based era

B) The industrial era

C) The penitentiary era

D) The punitive era

D) The punitive era

Which of the following is a policy for dealing with serious offenders that focuses on protecting society and does NOT attempt rehabilitation?

A) Warehousing

B) Work release

C) Deinstitutionalization

D) The workhouse

A) Warehousing

Which of the following statements regarding the state prison population in the U.S. is TRUE?

A) The overall incarceration rate for men and women in the U.S. today is similar.

B) Most states have similar rates of imprisonment.

C) The typical state prison today is a large maximum-security institution.

D) Incarceration rates are increasing while crime rates are decreasing

D) Incarceration rates are increasing while crime rates are decreasing

A typical state prison today ________.

A) is a massive high security facility housing over 1,000 inmates

B) is fairly small, with a population of less than 500 inmates

C) uses an open-style design

D) emphasizes the use of solitary confinement

B) is fairly small, with a population of less than 500 inmates

Federal inmates are most commonly sentenced for ________.

A) property crime

B) drug law violations

C) violent crimes

D) immigration law violations

B) drug law violations

Who has the highest lifetime chance of going to prison?

A) A white male

B) A white female

C) A black male

D) A black female

C) A black male

A journalist who is writing an article on prison overcrowding in the U.S. and wants to use the estimate that shows the highest amount of overcrowding would probably choose which definition of prison capacity?

A) Rated capacity

B) Design capacity

C) Confinement capacity

D) Operational capacity

B) Design capacity

Operational capacity is ________.

A) the size of the inmate population that a facility can handle according to the judgment of experts

B) the inmate population that the institution was originally built to handle

C) the number of inmates a prison can effectively accommodate based on management considerations

D) the number of program opportunities an institution can effectively make available to inmates

C) the number of inmates a prison can effectively accommodate based on management considerations

Which Supreme Court case held that overcrowding in prisons is NOT by itself cruel and unusual punishment?

A) Rhodes v. Chapman

B) Bell v. Wolfish

C) Schall v. Martin

D) Holt v. Sarver

A) Rhodes v. Chapman

________ incapacitation seeks to identify the most dangerous criminals and incarcerate them to protect society.

A) Focused

B) Collective

C) Massive

D) Selective

D) Selective

An important security tool in medium-security prisons is ________.

A) laser motion detectors

B) the count

C) gun towers

D) inmate restraint

B) the count

All death-row inmates are held in ________ prisons.

A) medium-security

B) federal

C) minimum-security

D) maximum-security

D) maximum-security

The typical American prison today is ________.

A) an ADMAX prison

B) minimum or medium custody

C) a privately operated facility

D) maximum custody

B) minimum or medium custody

What is the purpose of an external or initial classification system in corrections?

A) To assign new inmates to a custody level

B) To assign new inmates to treatment programs

C) To identify which inmates should be assigned to prison labor programs

D) To determine whether an inmate should be placed in a state or federal prison

A) To assign new inmates to a custody level

What is a federal ADMAX prison?

A) A prison for white-collar criminals

B) A maximum-security prison for women

C) A facility for housing offenders who have violated administrative law

D) An ultra-high-security prison

D) An ultra-high-security prison

Medium- and low-security facilities in the federal prison system are called ________.

A) federal penitentiaries

B) U.S. penitentiaries

C) federal prison camps

D) federal correctional institutions

D) federal correctional institutions

________ are ultra-high-security prisons in the federal system.

A) U.S. penitentiaries

B) Administrative maximum

C) Federal correctional institutions

D) Federal prison camps

B) Administrative maximum

Which of the following is considered to be the most secure prison ever built by the federal government?

A) FCC at Allenwood, Pennsylvania

B) ADMAX at Florence, Colorado

C) California City Correctional Center

D) CCM at Washington, D.C.

B) ADMAX at Florence, Colorado

What was the original purpose of a jail?

A) To hold inmates who have been sentenced to long periods of incarceration

B) To operate community-based programs with a custodial component

C) To serve as a transfer point for mentally ill offenders

D) To hold arrested suspects who are awaiting trial

D) To hold arrested suspects who are awaiting trial

Most people processed through jails in the U.S. are ________.

A) juveniles

B) senior citizens

C) women

D) members of minority groups

D) members of minority groups

According to the text, the fastest-growing population of jail inmates is ________.

A) women

B) Hispanics

C) African-Americans

D) Asians

A) women

Female officers working in jails ________.

A) are disproportionately skewed toward jobs in the lower ranks

B) make up about 50% of the workforce

C) are usually regarded negatively by male officers

D) are usually not allowed to supervise male inmates in unscreened showers

A) are disproportionately skewed toward jobs in the lower ranks

The jail strategy that eliminates traditional barriers between inmates and corrections staff is known as ________ supervision.

A) intense

B) direct

C) custodial

D) close

B) direct

Jails that are built and run using the combined resources of a variety of local jurisdictions are called ________.

A) direct-supervision jails

B) county jails

C) regional jails

D) jail boot camps

C) regional jails

Why are regional jails becoming more popular?

A) They provide inmates with opportunities for job training.

B) They are more economical.

C) They are more humane.

D) They have been shown to have reduced levels of inmate violence.

B) They are more economical.

________ involves the construction, staffing, and operation of prisons by private companies for profit.

A) Privatization

B) Warehousing

C) Evidence-based corrections

D) Justice reinvestment

C) Evidence-based corrections

Which of the following statements regarding prison privatization is TRUE?

A) The privatization movement began in the early 21st century and has been expanding quickly.

B) Research suggests that private prisons produce significant cost savings over publicly-run institutions.

C) More inmates are currently held in private prisons than in government-operated prisons.

D) Correctional officers working in private prisons are not covered by state laws that govern the activities of public correctional officers.

D) Correctional officers working in private prisons are not covered by state laws that govern the activities of public correctional officers.

True or False: Workhouses provided training in specific marketable job skills, so inmates would be able to find jobs upon release.

False

True or False: The Pennsylvania system used congregate workshops and required inmates to be silent at all times.

False

True or False: Deinstitutionalization emphasized the need for rehabilitation to occur in the community.

True

True or False: The recent decrease in the national crime rate in the U.S. has been accompanied by an increase in the rate of imprisonment.

True

True or False: It costs an average of $14 per day to incarcerate one inmate.

False

True or False: The rate of imprisonment is about the same for adult black and Hispanic males.

False

True or False: The design capacity of a prison is the number of inmates the prison was intended to hold when it was built.

True

True or False: According to the U.S. Supreme Court, overcrowding in prison constitutes cruel and unusual punishment.

False

True or False: One problem with selective incapacitation is the high rate of false positives.

True

True or False: All death-row inmates are placed in maximum security institutions.

True

True or False: Internal classification systems are used to determine what treatment and other programs are needed by individual inmates within a particular facility.

True

True or False: Federal offenders are most likely to be held in high-security facilities.

False

True or False: The ADMAX unit is the most high-security federal correctional institution.

True

True or False: The majority of people held in local jails have been convicted of some type of crime.

False

True or False: Women working in jails generally have equal status as male staffers.

True

True or False: Violence is more common in direct supervision jails because of the lack of barriers separating inmates and staff.

False

True or False: Regional jails are more economical than standard local jails.

True

True or False: Research suggests that private prisons have not created significant cost savings for the states that use them.

True

True or False: A major barrier to prison privatization are old laws that prohibit private involvement in correctional management.

True

True or False: The Trump administration has ordered the Department of Justice to end the use of private prisons throughout the federal system.

False