Contem. Global Issues Material Quiz #2

Globalization

A trend in which more of the world's population are joining a highly interconnected global economy.

Geopolitics

A major part of global business trends that multinational corporations and global businesses use to guide global investment decisions.

Multinational corporations and geopolitics

Multinational corporations and global businesses have developed expertise in geopolitics to guide global investment decisions.

Why corporations hire political scientists

Geopolitics has become a major part of global business trends.

Russia and geopolitics

Russia annexed Crimea.

ISIS and geopolitics

A new ISIS state has emerged in the Middle East.

China and geopolitics

The ongoing rise of China is a geopolitical issue.

Eurozone and geopolitics

The future of the Eurozone given the financial crisis in Greece is a geopolitical issue.

Market democracy

A movement of more countries toward market democracy is another geopolitical trend.

Golden age

A golden age of “free markets and free people” expanding worldwide.

Golden Arches theory

“No two countries that both had McDonald's had fought a war against each other.”

Globalization and international business

Globalization means vast new opportunities and potential risk for international business.

BRICS

Refers to the emerging business powerhouses of Brazil, Russia, India, and China.

De-dollarization

Some countries are threatening to no longer use the U.S. dollar for trade.

U.S. sanctions and the dollar

The U.S. cannot apply sanctions to a country if they don't use the U.S. dollar.

Economic integration

The world has now become more economically integrated.

Global operations

Western companies have diversified their global operations.

Why businesses become global

To seek cost efficiencies and serve new markets.

Globalization and Russia's annexation of Crimea

Russia's annexation of Crimea has not diminished the age of globalization.

Economic weapons

States can deploy powerful economic weapons against one another such as sanctions.

Sanctions

Economic weapons that states can deploy against one another.

Sanctions against Russia

Several Western corporations such as EXXON Mobil and GE have suffered economic losses due to sanctions against Russia.

Geopolitics and everyday issues

Gas prices, U.S. bombing boats in the Caribbean, and lack of helium imports from China can all be explained by geopolitics.

World Economic Forum

An annual meeting in Davos, Switzerland, which is a gathering of the winners in globalization.

China and globalization

China illustrates the business success and promise of globalization.

Business and politics

Business and politics are interrelated.

Global business knowledge

Corporate executives recognize that knowledge about business is as important as issues about politics and public policy.

Tariff

A tax on goods coming into a country.

Effect of tariffs

Tariffs tend to push up prices for many goods.

Tariffs and states

Some states may be more affected than others.

China as an import source

China is a key source of imports in many U.S. states.

Tariffs and American workers

People that can be afflicted by tariffs inflicted by the U.S. are American workers, who could lose their jobs.

Retaliatory tariffs

The European Union, Mexico, Canada, China, and Turkey retaliated in kind against U.S. tariffs.

Global urbanization

The world is rapidly urbanizing.

Rapid urbanization in the developing world

Reflects rapid population growth.

Urbanization and food

It is not desirable for everything to be urbanized because someone has to make food.

Urbanization challenges

Societies must provide services to the urban population.

Urban environmental impacts

Urban areas can have adverse impacts on the environment.

Urban water challenges

Almost all megacities face major fresh water challenges.

Urban slums

Many megacity residents are crowded into unsanitary slums.

Other urban challenges

Waste and sewage removal, transportation, and unemployment.

Global resources and environment

History cautions that once-powerful societies collapse, they tend to do so swiftly and suddenly.

Five factors involved in societal collapse

Environmental decline; climate change; changes in friendly trading partners; enemies; political, economic, and social responses.

Environmental decline

Involves deforestation, soil erosion, and water management problems.

Environmental decline and food security

Deforestation, soil erosion, and water management problems all affect food security.

Global food issue

The world has enough food for the current world population.

World hunger

Caused by natural disasters, artificial disasters, and poverty.

Food and development

Food deficiency affects health and productivity.

Development and food production

Developed countries have agriculture that is scientific, mechanized, and more productive.

Green Revolution

The introduction of high agricultural technology to the developing world.

Green Revolution technology

Fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation.

Green Revolution purpose

To improve agricultural production.

Food and national security

Food is fast becoming a national security issue.

Food imports and survival

Many nations depend on food imports for survival.

Food prices and the poor

Higher food prices will be devastating to the poor in the world.

Food prices and poor city residents

Millions living in cities on one dollar or less a day may face life-threatening effects from rising food costs.

Food and health

Food is tied to health.

Development and environment

Development may harm the environment.

Environmental harm and development

Environmental harm may affect development.

Development/environment relationship

A symbiotic relationship.

Industrialization and resources

Industrialization has increased the rate of extraction of natural resources.

Government environmental agencies

Many countries now have governmental environmental agencies.

U.S. environmental agency

EPA.

Air pollution

A global environmental issue.

Acid rain

A global environmental issue.

Ozone layer

The layer in the atmosphere that protects Earth from harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun.

Climate change

Global warming.

Water use and availability

A global environmental issue.

Land use issues

A global environmental issue.

Solid waste

A global environmental issue.

Toxic waste

A global environmental issue.

Deforestation

A global environmental issue.

Wildlife resources and conservation

A global environmental issue.

Wildlife extinction

Wildlife being hunted to extinction is a global environmental issue.

Earth Summit

The 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Earth Summit attendance

Largest number of world leaders in history, about 10,000 environmentalists, and 8,000 journalists.

Earth Summit treaties

Treaty on Climate Change and Global Warming; Biodiversity Treaty; Convention to Combat Desertification.

Biodiversity Treaty

Provides for the protection of plant and animal species.

Sustainable Development

Economic growth in the present should not take place in such a manner that it reduces the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Environmental politics

Domestic and global environmental politics tend to be complicated because they involve conflicting interests and values.

Environmental laws

Some environmental laws limit goods and services or limit consumption and production.

Oil

The principal source of energy in the world.

Oil as a resource

Oil is a finite resource that will eventually be exhausted.

Oil crises

The world has experienced several oil crises through higher gasoline prices.

Peak oil production

Some nations have already passed their peak of production.

U.S. peak oil production

The U.S. passed its peak of 11 million barrels a day in 1970.

OPEC

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.

OPEC and oil prices

In the early 1970s, OPEC set the price of oil.

Non-OPEC oil

In response to OPEC, there was frantic development of non-OPEC oil in the North Sea fields of England and Norway.

North Sea oil

Since 1999, the North Sea fields have entered depletion.

Tight world oil market

Can result from periodic shocks to supply and demand.

Asian oil demand

There has been a substantial increase in oil demand in Asia, especially China and India.

Oil refining

Issues with refining can contribute to a tight world oil market.

World politics and oil

Issues involving Iraq, Iran, and Venezuela affect the world oil market.

Russia and world oil supply

Russia's oil fields have been central to the growth of worldwide supply.

Non-traditional oil supplies

Canadian Oil Sands, or tar sands.

Conventional oil supplies

Growth in conventional supplies is another focus of the world oil supply.

Energy security

A framework exists through the International Energy Agency.

International Energy Agency

Its members are industrialized countries.

Energy security policies

Stockpiles of oil, energy conservation, and diversification of supply.