Spine & Thorax (OIAN)

Latissimus Dorsi

O: Sp. Processes of T7-L5; Thoracolumbar fascia; iliac

crest

I: Intertubercular groove of humerus

A: Humerus extension, adduction, IR

N: Thoracodorsal nerve

Rhomboids Major

O: Spinous Process of T2-T5

I: Medial border of scapula between spine and inferior angle

A: Adduct scapula; elevate scapula, downwardly rotate scapula

N: Dorsal Scapular Nerve

Rhomboid Minor

O: ligamentous nuchae, Spinous Process of C7 and T1

I: Medial/superior border of scapula

A: Adduct scapula; elevate scapula, downwardly rotate scapula, scapular stabilization

N: Dorsal Scapular Nerve C4, C5

Upper Trapezius

O: External occipital protuberance, nuchal line, spinal process of C7

I :Lateral 1/3 of clavicle/acromium process

A: Uni: Shoulder elevation, sidebending, Bilateral: Cervical extension,

N: Spinal Accessory Nerve

Middle Trapezius

O: Occipital protuburence; ligament nuchae, S.P.’s C7-T12

I: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle and spine of scapular

A: Adduct and stabilize scapula

N: Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI)

Lower Trapezius

O: Occipital protuburence; ligament nuchae, S.P.’s C7-T12

I: Lateral 1/3 of clavical and spine of scapula

A: Depress scapula;Upwardly rotate scapula

N: Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI)

Erector Spinae (or paraspinal muscles)

Spinalis

Longissimus

Iliocostalis

Spinalis

O: Sp. Processes of upper lumbar/lower thoracic vertebrae

I: Sp. Processes of upper thoracic vertebrae

A: Ipsilat.- flex the trunk to same side; Bilaterally –extend the vertebral column

N: Posterior branch of spinal nerve

Longissimus

O: TP’s of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae

I: TP’s of superior vertebrae

A: Ipsil: laterally flex trunk; Bilat: extend vertebral column

N: Posterior branch of spinal nerve

iliocostalis

O: Sacrum, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, sp. processes of T11-L4

I: Ribs

A: Unilat.: Laterally flexes trunk to same side; Bilat.:vertebral column extension

N: Posterior branch of spinal nerve

Transversospinalis Muscles: Multifidi

O: Sacrum & T.P.’s of lumbar through cervical vertebra

I: S.P.’s of lumbar vertebra through 2nd cervical vertebra; Span 2-4 vertebral levels

A: Uni: Rotate spine to opposite direction

Bil: Extend spine

N: Spinal

Rotatores

O: T.P.’s of lumbar through Cervical vertebra

I: S.P.’s of lumbar vertebra through 2nd cervical vertebra; span 1-2 vertebral levels

A: Uni: Rotate spine to opposite side Bil: Extend spine

N: Spinal

Quadratus Lumborum

O: Posterior Iliac Crest

I: Last rib and T.P.’s of L1-L4

A: UNI: Laterally tilt pelvis; Laterally flex spine to same side BIL: Fix last rib during forced inhalation/exhalation; Assist to extend spine

N: Lumbar Plexus T12, L1, L2

Rectus Abdominis

O: Pubic crest and pubic symphysis

I: Costal cartilages of 5, 6, 7; medial inferiorcostal margin; posterior aspect of Xiphoid

A: Flexes trunk; forced exhalation

N: Segmentally by the thoraco-abdominal nerve

Transverse abdominis

O: Lateral third of inguinal ligament, ant. Iliac crest, and thoraco-lumbar fascia

I: Linea alba

A: Compress abdomen (“girdle muscle”), stabilization

N: Thoracoabdominal nerve, subcostal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve

External Obliques

O: Ribs 5-12

I: Xiphoid process, outer lip of iliac crest, pubic crest, pubic tubercle, linea alba, inguinal ligament, ASIS

A: Flexion of torso and contralateral rotation of torso

N: Thoracoabdominal nerves and subcostal nerve

Internal Obliques

O: Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, and lumbodorsal fascia

I: Linea alba, pectineal line of pubis, ribs 10-12

A: Bil: compress abdomen; Unilat: ipsilateral trunk rotation

N: Thoracoabdominal nerves, subcostal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve

Sternoclavicular ligaments

Costoclavicular ligaments

Sternocostal ligaments

Posterior longitudinal ligaments

Interspinous ligament

Anterior longitudinal ligaments

costosternal junction

costochondral junction

Manubriosternal junction

xiphisternal junction

costovertebral joint

costovertebral ligaments

costotransverse ligament

superior costotransverse ligament

lateral costotransverse ligament