Pharmacology Practice Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering drug classes, specific medications, dosages, and clinical precautions based on lecture notes.

Salicylic acid (aspirin)

A medication used for pain, fever, inflammation, heart attack, and stroke prevention; side effects include increased bleeding time, tinnitus, and GI bleeding, with activated charcoal used in overdose.

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A medication used for pain and fever with a maximum daily dose of $4\,\text{Grams}$; side effects include rash, urticaria, and liver failure in high doses.

n-acetylcysteine

The specific agent given for an overdose of acetaminophen.

Ibuprofen (Advil)

An NSAID used for pain, fever, and inflammation that should not be taken with steroids, salicylates, or anticoagulants due to risks like GI bleeding and kidney disorders.

Midazolam (Versed)

An anxiolytic used for anxiety, panic disorders, and alcohol withdrawal; romazicon (Flumazenil) is given for overdose.

Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

A barbiturate used for insomnia, preoperative sedation, and seizures; interactions include alcohol, MAOIs, and grapefruit.

Selegiline (Eldepryl)

A monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) used for Parkinson disease that interacts with many drugs and foods containing tyramine.

Drug Holiday

A practice for Anti-Parkinsonian medications where a doctor stops the medication for $1\,\text{week}$ if side effects become intolerable, then restarts it at a low dose.

Local Anesthetics

A class of drugs including Lidocaine, Tetracaine, and Benzocaine used for minor surgeries or pain relief; side effects include heart block, hypotension, and bradycardia.

Propofol (diprivan)

An intravenous general anesthetic used for sedation before surgery; may be followed by an inhaled gas.

Malignant hyperthermia

A potential life-threatening side effect associated with inhaled general anesthetics.

Epinephrine

An adrenergic used for severe wheezing, anaphylactic shock, and extreme hypotension; contraindicated in patients with hypovolemia.

Cholinergics (Donepezil)

Medications used for Glaucoma and Alzheimer disease that must be stopped several weeks before surgery.

Methyltestosterone and Oxandrodone

Androgens used to treat male hypogonadism and stimulate muscle growth in patients with muscle trauma; side effects include acne, aggression, and liver damage.

Antithyroid medications

A class including Methimazole (Tapazole) and Sodium iodide I-131 (lodotope) used for hyperthyroidism; these two specific medications cannot be taken together.

Metyrapone (Metopirone)

A cortisol-inhibiting medication used for Cushing disease, which is characterized by hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a rounded face.

Hydrocortisone

A corticosteroid used for severe allergies, asthma, MS, and Addison disease; it should be given with food and never stopped abruptly.

Insulin lispro (Humalog)

A rapid-acting insulin with an onset of action in $15\,\text{min}$.

Insulin glargine (Lantus)

A long-acting insulin typically administered once or twice a day with no peak.

Metformin (Glucophage)

An oral antidiabetic medication for Type 2 Diabetes; it is contraindicated with contrast dye and in patients with metabolic acidosis.

Pancrelipase (Pancreaze)

A pancreatic enzyme used for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency; it is contraindicated for patients with an allergy to pork.

Levothyroxine (Synthroid)

A thyroid medication used for hypothyroidism that must be taken on an empty stomach in the morning.