Phys EXAM 1

physiology

the science of body function; the branch of biology dealing with the function and activities of living organisms and their parts, including all physical and chemical processes

Neurons (nerve cells)

all look different but have common functions; have branches from central cell body

4 types of neurons/ nerve cells

pyramidal cell

purkinje cell

basket cell

stellate cell

37 trillion (male 36 and female 28)

how many cells are in the human body?

functioning/ function

proper _____ of one part of the body depends on the ___ of a different part or parts

muscle

required oxygen provided by erythrocytes in blood that are manufactured in bone marrow

erythrocytes

____ in blood are manufactured in bone marrow

erythropoietin

erythrocyte synthesis requires ___, which is secreted by the kidneys

oxygen

is extracted from air breathed in by the lungs

lung expansion

is controlled by the nervous system

blood

is pumped by the heart

muscle cells

function to move but in order to do so they need oxygen

organ systems

all ___ form functions that help the function of others

levels of organization of the body:

cell, tissue, organ, organ system

cell

the simplest living thing

tissue

multiple cells of the same type

organ

multiple tissues of different types

organ system

multiple organs working together

200

the body has more than ___ different cell types

cells can be classified into 4 groups:

neurons, muscle cells, epithelial cells, connective tissue cells

based primarily on cell function there are 4 major cell types:

nerve tissue, muscle tissue, epithelium (epithelial tissue), connective tissue

neurons and nerve tissue

transmit signals for communication; have branches to receive or transmit messages; some process information

receptors

neurons and nerve tissue receive information from ____

muscles and other organs

neurons and nerve tissue transmit information to ____

muscle cells

specialized to contract; voluntary or involuntary

3 types of muscle cells

skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle

epithelium

sheet like layer of cells; lines external body surfaces and hollow organs or vessels (interior = lumen); functions as a barrier and a transport membrane; lets some things through but not all and can change how fast things go

simple epithelial

there is one cell between the luman ans basement membrane

stratified epithelial

has more than one layer inbetween the lumen and basement membrane

three shapes of epithelium cells:

squamous epithelium, cuboidal epithelium, columnar epithelium