Networking Fundamentals Practice Exam Flashcards

Comprehensive flashcards covering Microsoft networking fundamentals, including OSI layers, protocols, topologies, and hardware specifications as found in transcription notes.

Network address translation (NAT)

A technology required to connect to a private network address from a public network; it is used to mask internal IP addresses from outside the network.

Media Access Control (MAC) address

A unique identifier used to associate a physical port on a switch with a specific Network interface card (NIC).

Extranet

A network that allows controlled access for specific business or educational purposes, or provides a solution for two companies to share data using the Internet.

VPN (Virtual Private Network)

A technology used to extend an internal network across shared or public networks, providing a secure, encrypted tunnel across the Internet.

Perimeter network

A network that separates an organization's private network from a public network to make resources available to the Internet.

Intranet

A private network that allows members of an organization to exchange data and allows access only to users within that organization.

Packet switching

A technology that takes data, breaks it into packets, and sends them over a network, sometimes using different routes for each packet.

Remote Desktop Service

The name used by Windows Server 2008 R2 for terminal services.

Microsoft RRAS

The service used to create VPN tunnels so that users can connect to an internal network from home using Windows Server 2008 R2.

Firewall

A device or software that protects a network's perimeter by monitoring traffic as it enters and leaves.

SSL VPN

A type of VPN that allows a remote user to connect to a private network from anywhere on the Internet.

Site-to-Site VPN

A VPN connection type that securely connects two portions of a private network or two distinct private networks.

Port 3389

The default port used by Remote Desktop Services.

Telnet

A command-line tool used to connect to a remote computer to execute commands; it does not encrypt session data.

Contention and Token passing

The two primary media access methods used in Local Area Network (LAN) topologies.

Star Topology

A physical network topology where each computer is connected to a central connectivity device, such as a hub or switch.

Mesh Topology

A fault-tolerant network topology where each computer is connected to every other computer using redundant paths.

Ring Topology

A topology where each workstation acts as a repeater and each node is connected to exactly two other nodes.

Trunk port

A type of port used to support VLAN traffic between two switches.

VLAN

A logical network partition used to compartmentalize a network, isolate traffic, and reduce the number of nodes in a broadcast domain.

CSMA/CD

A media access method that waits until the transmission medium is idle and checks to see if a collision has been detected.

CSU/DSU

A device that acts as a high-speed modem for a Local Area Network (LAN).

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

A Layer 2 WAN protocol.

T1 Bit Rate

$1.544\,Mbps$.

T3 Bit Rate

$44.736\,Mbit/s$ or approximately $44.7\,Mbps$.

E1

The European circuit equivalent to a North American T1 line.

ISDN PRI

An ISDN service that supports $23$ B channels.

DSL

A technology that uses wires from the telephone company to provide a broadband internet connection.

Committed Information Rate

A guaranteed certain amount of information provided by a circuit or line.

DS0 circuit

A digital circuit with a speed of $62\,Kbps$.

PAD interface

The point in the network where the responsibility of the administrator ends and the telecommunications provider's responsibility begins.

802.11a

A wireless standard operating in the $5.1-5.8\,GHz$ frequency range with a data rate of $54\,Mbps$.

802.11b

A wireless standard operating in the $2.4-2.485\,GHz$ frequency range with a data rate of $11\,Mbps$.

802.11g

A wireless standard operating in the $2.4-2.485\,GHz$ frequency range with a maximum throughput of $54\,Mbps$.

802.11n

A wireless standard operating in the $2.4-5.8\,GHz$ frequency range with data rates of $65-600\,Mbps$; it features MIMO and channel bonding.

802.1X

An IEEE security type that requires certificates for encryption.

WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access)

A wireless authentication method providing a higher level of security than WEP.

Multilayer switch

A switch that provides Layer 3 routing functions in addition to Layer 2 switching.

Dynamic routing

A fault-tolerant routing method that automatically maintains routing tables and selects the best route based on metrics.

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

A popular distance-vector routing algorithm that uses hop count to determine routes.

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

The most popular link-state protocol used within large organizations.

Hop

A term for each router a packet traverses as it moves across a network.

1000BaseT

An Ethernet standard for a cable with a maximum length of $100\,m$.

Single-mode fiber

The cable type that transmits data the greatest distance compared to multi-mode fiber or copper cables.

Crossover cable

A cable used to directly connect the Ethernet NICs of two computers.

RJ-45

The type of connector used on a 100BaseT Ethernet cable.

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

A protocol used to resolve an IP address to a Media Access Control (MAC) address.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

A connection-oriented protocol with guaranteed service.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A connectionless, message-based protocol with best-effort service.

Well-known Ports

Specific ports for services: FTP ($21$), Telnet ($23$), SMTP ($25$), DNS ($53$), DHCP ($67$), and HTTP ($80$).

Subnet Mask

A value used to define the network portion of an IP address (e.g., $255.255.0.0$ for Class B; $255.255.255.0$ for Class C).

IPv4 Loopback address

$127.0.0.1$; used for a host to self-test its own network interface.

IPv4 Multicast range

$224.0.0.0$ to $239.255.255.255$.

IPv6 address length

$128$ bits.

IPv6 Loopback address

$0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1$ or $::1$.

Teredo tunneling

A protocol that allows IPv6 connectivity through IPv4 devices.

WINS (Windows Internet Name Service)

A service that resolves NetBIOS names to IP addresses.

DNS (Domain Name System)

A service that resolves fully qualified domain names (FQDN) to IP addresses.

MX DNS record

A Mail Exchanger record used by DNS to find a mail service.

CNAME DNS record

A Canonical Name record that specifies an alias for another address record.

TTL (Time to Live)

A value in a resource record that indicates the length of time other DNS servers should cache information before it expires.

Tracert

A command-line tool used to report the route taken by packets across an IP network.