ch1 tech class vocab (4 da funsies)

business process reengineering (BPR)

The radical redesign of business processes, organizational structures, information systems, and values of the organization to achieve a breakthrough in business results.

certification

A process for testing skills and knowledge; successful completion of a _____ exam results in a statement by the certifying authority that confirms an individual is capable of performing particular tasks.

change management model

A description of the phases an individual or organization goes through in making a change and outlining principles for successful implementation of change.

computer-based information system

A single set of hardware, software, databases, networks, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information.

continuous improvement

Constantly seeking ways to improve business processes and add value to products and services.

data

Raw facts such as an employee number or total hours worked in a week.

diffusion of innovation theory

A theory developed by E.M. Rogers to explain how a new idea or product gains acceptance and diffuses (or spreads) through a specific population or subset of an organization.

driving forces

The beliefs, expectations, and cultural norms that tend to encourage a change and give it momentum.

enterprise information system

An information system that an organization uses to define structured interactions among its own employees and/or with external customers, suppliers, government agencies, and other business partners.

force field analysis

An approach to identifying both the driving (positive) and restraining (negative) forces that influence whether change can occur.

group information system

An information system that improves communications and supports collaboration among members of a workgroup.

information

A collection of data organized and processed so that it has additional value beyond the value of the individual facts.

information system

A set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and disseminate data and information; a(n) ____ provides a feedback mechanism to monitor and control its operation to make sure it continues to meet its goals and objectives.

innovation

The application of new ideas to the products, processes, and activities of a firm, leading to increased value.

knowledge

The awareness and understanding of a set of information and the ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a decision.

Leavitt’s diamond

An organizational change model that proposes that every organizational system is made up of four main components—people, tasks, structure, and technology—that all interact; any change in one of these elements will necessitate a change in the other three elements.

Lewin’s change model

A three-stage approach for implementing change that involves unfreezing, moving, and refreezing.

organization

A group of people that is structured and managed to meet its mission or set of group goals.

organizational complement

A key component that must be in place to ensure successful implementation and use of an information system.

personal information system

An information system that improves the productivity of individual users in performing stand-alone tasks.

procedure

A set of steps that need to be followed to achieve a specific end result, such as enter a customer order, pay a supplier invoice, or request a current inventory report.

process

A set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined outcome.

process redesign

The radical redesign of business processes, organizational structures, information systems, and values of the organization to achieve a breakthrough in business results.

reengineering

The radical redesign of business processes, organizational structures, information systems, and values of the organization to achieve a breakthrough in business results.

restraining forces

Forces that make it difficult to accept a change or to work to implement a change.

shadow IT

The information systems and solutions built and deployed by departments other than the information systems department. In many cases, the information systems department may not even be aware of these efforts.

soft side of implementing change

The work designed to help employees embrace a new information system and way of working.

supply chain

A key value chain whose primary activities include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service.

supply chain management (SCM)

The management of all the activities required to get the right product into the right consumer’s hands in the right quantity at the right time and at the right cost—from the identification of suppliers and the acquisition of raw materials through manufacture and customer delivery.

technology acceptance model (TAM)

A model that specifies the factors that can lead to better attitudes about an information system, along with higher acceptance and usage of it.

technology infrastructure

All the hardware, software, databases, networks, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information.

value chain

A series (chain) of activities that an organization performs to transform inputs into outputs in such a way that the value of the input is increased.

virtual team

A group of individuals whose members are distributed geographically, but who collaborate and complete work through the use of information systems technology.