1.1 Sodium Deficit: Hyponatremia

Hyponatremia Pathophysiology

Water rather than sodium

HYPONATREMIA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

• Hyponatremia occurs due to an imbalance in

Low sodium in the urine

HYPONATREMIA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

• occurs as the nephrons of the kidneys retain sodium to compensate for nonrenal fluid loss (e.g. vomiting, diarrhea, sweating) 

High sodium in the urine

HYPONATREMIA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

• is associated with renal salt wasting that occurs in renal dysfunction or diuretic use 

Deficiency in Aldosterone

HYPONATREMIA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

• as occurs in adrenal insufficiency, also predisposes to sodium deficiency because lack of aldosterone causes lack of sodium and water reabsorption into the bloodstream at the nephrons 

Anticonvulsants

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Desmopressin Acetate

HYPONATREMIA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

• Use of certain medication

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

For depression

Desmopressin Acetate

• have side effects that increase risk for hyponatremia

  • A synthetic lab made hormone. Desmopressin is for Diabetes Insipidus. Also used for Blood clotting disorders by helping the kidneys reduce the urine output. 

Free water

hyponatremia arises as Water intake or water retention exceeds the kidneys ability to excrete ____________

Thirst

ADH

Renal Water Handling

Regulatory System is Narrowed to 3

• -

• -

• -

Hypothalamic osmoreceptor

___________, thirst is triggered when plasma osmolality rises = your water intake is increased  

Arginine Vasopressin

1. Anti Diuretic Hormone 

   1. Other names: __________

   2. Released by the posterior pituitary, responding to increased osmolality, or decreased in circulating volume

Renal Water Handling

1. The kidneys adjust the urine osmolality because they are under the control of ADH