AP Gopo Jan 31

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16 Terms

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Impeachment

The process by which a legislative body, such as Congress, brings charges against a government official, including the President, for misconduct.

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Concurrent Powers

Powers that are shared by both the national and state governments, such as the power to tax, build roads, and create lower courts.

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Categorical Grants

Federal funds provided for a specific purpose, such as education or transportation, with strict guidelines on how the money can be spent.

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Block Grants

Federal funds given to states with fewer restrictions on how the money should be spent, allowing for more flexibility in addressing various needs.

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Mandates

Rules or orders issued by the federal government directing states to comply with certain policies, often with financial repercussions for non-compliance.

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Federalism

A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units, like states.

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10th Amendment

The constitutional amendment that reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states and the people.

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14th Amendment

The constitutional amendment addressing citizenship rights and equal protection under the law, often used in civil rights litigation.

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Commerce Clause

A provision in the Constitution that gives Congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among the states, and with Indian tribes.

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Necessary and Proper Clause

The clause in the Constitution that grants Congress the ability to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying out its enumerated powers.

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Elastic Clause

Another name for the Necessary and Proper Clause, emphasizing its role in allowing Congress to stretch its powers to meet modern needs.

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Enumerated Powers

Powers specifically listed in the Constitution as belonging to the federal government, such as the power to declare war.

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Implied Powers

Powers not explicitly listed in the Constitution but inferred from the enumerated powers, allowing the government to carry out its functions.

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Policymaking

The process of creating laws, regulations, and policies that govern the behavior of individuals and organizations within society.

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McCulloh v Maryland (1819)

A landmark Supreme Court case that affirmed the supremacy of federal laws over state laws and recognized implied powers of Congress.

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US v Lopez (1995)

A Supreme Court case that limited Congress's power under the Commerce Clause, ruling that the possession of a gun in a school zone is not an economic activity that affects interstate commerce.