Science Quarter 3 Review Notes

Friction

A force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact.

Static Friction

Friction that prevents motion between surfaces.

Kinetic Friction

Friction that slows down moving objects.

Factors affecting Friction

Surface textures and normal force pressing surfaces together.

Gravity

A universal force of attraction that pulls objects toward each other.

Strength of Gravity

Proportional to the masses of the objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Law of Universal Gravitation

Describes gravitational attraction and is fundamental in understanding celestial motions and physics.

Energy

The capacity to do work, existing in various forms such as kinetic, potential, thermal, chemical, nuclear, electrical, and mechanical energy.

Kinetic Energy

Energy of motion.

Potential Energy

Stored energy.

Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another.

Transformation of Energy

Involves changing one form of energy into another.

Simple Machines

Fundamental mechanical devices that facilitate work by amplifying force or altering its direction.

Lever

A beam that rotates around a fulcrum, capable of amplifying force or changing its direction.

Wheel and Axle

A large wheel attached to a smaller axle that minimizes friction to ease movement of objects.

Pulley

A wheel with a groove designed to accommodate a rope or cable, changing the direction of force.

Inclined Plane

A flat surface set at an angle, enabling lifting heavier objects with reduced effort.

Wedge

A double incline used to move through a substance, effective for splitting or cutting.

Screw

An inclined plane twisted around a cylinder, converting rotational movement into linear motion.